{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T22:11:52Z","timestamp":1793398312003,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000364","name":"Stroke Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headache disorders, including migraines and tension-type headaches, are prevalent and debilitating conditions that affect millions of people worldwide. And this analysis aims to inform evidence-based interventions and policies for alleviating the burden of headache disorders on individuals and societies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed headache data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 report, examining the prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years across 204 countries and territories over 32\u202fyears. The data were stratified according to age, sex, year, geographical region, and socio-demographic Index (SDI). We employed the estimated average percentage change calculation to assess the temporal trends of these indicators. A detailed analysis of health inequities was conducted using decomposition analysis, the pyramid model, slope index, and concentration index. The Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort model was used to forecast the disease burden over the next 26\u202fyears.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By 2021, the global incidence of headache disorders was estimated to be 809.2 million, with tension-type headaches being the most prevalent. Age-standardized incidence rates, prevalence rates, and DALYs have exhibited an overall upward trend since 1990. The health inequality analysis revealed a diminishing disparity in the burden of headache disorders across countries with varying SDI scores. Predictions indicate a continuous increase in headache disorders, potentially reaching over 3.5 billion by 2050 based on current trends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The burden of headache disorders is increasing, with important implications for global health and the economy. The rising predictions highlight the potential need for targeted public health strategies and interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1674946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T15:18:08Z","timestamp":1761751088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Global, regional, and national burden of headache disorders, 1990\u20132021, and projections to 2050: a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Linxue","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Atlas of headache disorders and resources in the world 2011","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00757-8","article-title":"Global incidence, 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