{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T05:21:07Z","timestamp":1764134467765,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analyzing the differences in video-nystagmography (VNG) parameters among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with distinct motor subtypes and evaluate the correlation between VNG parameters and the severity of non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Tremer Dominant (TD)\/Postural Instability\/Gait Difficulty (PIGD) subtypes provides a theoretical basis for advancing the understanding of PD heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-nine patients with PD diagnosed in the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from December 2022 to January 2024 were collected. Among them, 35 were in the Tremer Dominant (TD) group, 34 were in the Postural Instability\/Gait Difficulty (PIGD) group, and 38 patients with physical examination admitted in the same period were collected as the healthy control (HC) group. The subjects were assessed for motor and non-motor symptoms, and the VNG was refined to record the assessment of eye movement abnormalities in the patients. The general clinical data and VNG parameters of the subjects in the three groups were analyzed and correlation analyses were performed for clinical features and nystagmus views with intergroup differences in the PIGD and TD groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were significant differences in VNG parameters among the three groups of subjects, mainly in vertical sweep latency and solid-phase microextraction (SPEM) vertical gain (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). The differences between the TD group and the PIGD group were statistically significant in terms of Hoehn\u2013Yahr (H\u2013Y) classification (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.013), Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) III (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.010), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.024), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.021). There were no significant differences in MDS-UPDRS I (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.751), MDS-UPDRS II (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.088), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.413) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.341) scores. Correlation analysis showed that VNG in the PIGD group was negatively correlated with the MDS-UPDRS III score and H-Y grading, correlated with the HAMD score (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05), and not correlated with the HAMA score (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt; 0.05). In the TD patients, VNG was negatively correlated with the HAMA and HAMD scores (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05), and was not correlated with the MDS-UPDRS III score and H-Y grading (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VNG shows significant differences among Parkinson's disease patients with different motor subtypes, and VNG features are correlated with non-motor symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1693803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T05:16:01Z","timestamp":1764134161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Videonystagmography features and clinical symptoms correlate with Parkinson's clinical subtypes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Guangli","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruike","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhibin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70801-1","article-title":"Parkinson's disease in China: prevalence in Beijing, Xian, and Shanghai","volume":"365","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1777775","article-title":"The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"82","author":"Munhoz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101834","article-title":"Premotor, nonmotor and motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: a new clinical state of the art","volume":"84","author":"Leite Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.6233","article-title":"Parkinson disease subtypes","volume":"71","author":"Thenganatt","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.04.021","article-title":"Comparison of two motor subtype classifications in de novo Parkinson's disease","volume":"54","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601225","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.601225","article-title":"Comparison of three motor subtype classifications in de novo Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"11","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa407","article-title":"Antisaccade, a predictive marker for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease and gait\/gaze network connectivity","volume":"144","author":"Gallea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/106.3.571","article-title":"Ocular motor deficits in Parkinson's disease. 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