{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T10:54:14Z","timestamp":1770807254187,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aims to evaluate the association between peripheral blood CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-lymphocyte count and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of intracranial parenchymal tuberculomas in patients diagnosed with hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis accompanied by intracranial parenchymal tuberculomas. Patients were categorized into two groups based on MRI findings: those demonstrating perilesional edema (edematous type) and those without (non-edematous type). Demographic data, clinical symptoms, peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets, and additional MRI features were compared between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 144 patients included in the analysis, 56 were classified into the edematous group and 88 into the non-edematous group. The frequency of headache was higher in the edematous group (60.7%) compared to the non-edematous group (40.9%). The median age was lower in the edematous group [27.0\u202fyears (IQR: 20.8, 42.0)] relative to the non-edematous group [33.5\u202fyears (IQR: 24.0, 51.0)]. A higher proportion of female patients was also observed in the edematous group (55.4%), compared to the non-edematous group (35.2%). Univariate analysis indicated that female sex, elevated peripheral blood CD3\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-lymphocyte count, and elevated CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-lymphocyte count were significantly associated with the presence of perilesional edema [Odds ratio (OR)\u202f=\u202f2.28 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.15\u20134.522); OR\u202f=\u202f1.001 (95% CI: 1.000\u20131.002); OR\u202f=\u202f1.002 (95% CI: 1.000\u20131.003)], respectively. In multivariate analysis, elevated CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-lymphocyte count remained an independent predictor of perilesional edema [OR\u202f=\u202f1.001 (95% CI: 1.000\u20131.002)]. On contrast-enhanced MRI, ring-enhancing lesions were more frequently observed in the edematous group (76.8%), compared to the non-edematous group (25%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis and concurrent intracranial tuberculomas, higher peripheral CD4\u202f+\u202fT-lymphocyte counts are independently associated with the presence of perilesional edema and a greater likelihood of ring-like enhancement on MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1641464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T05:27:11Z","timestamp":1770787631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peripheral blood CD4+ T-lymphocyte count as a predictor of MRI findings in intracranial parenchymal tuberculomas"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xu-Wen","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kunming Third People\u2019s Hospital\/Yunnan Clinical Medical Center for Infectious Diseases","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, The People\u2019s Hospital of Lincang","place":["Lincang, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiu-Lan","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kunming Third People\u2019s Hospital\/Yunnan Clinical Medical Center for Infectious Diseases","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Third People\u2019s Hospital\/Yunnan Clinical Medical Center for Infectious Diseases","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kunming Third People\u2019s Hospital\/Yunnan Clinical Medical Center for Infectious Diseases","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Lu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kunming Third People\u2019s Hospital\/Yunnan Clinical Medical Center for Infectious Diseases","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Kunming Third People\u2019s Hospital\/Yunnan Clinical Medical Center for Infectious Diseases","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Kunming Third People\u2019s Hospital\/Yunnan Clinical Medical Center for Infectious Diseases","place":["Kunming, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2024","year":""},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-019-0966-8","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of tuberculous meningitis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178","article-title":"Cerebral infarction and tuberculoma in central nervous system tuberculosis: frequency and prognostic 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