{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T09:20:49Z","timestamp":1771924849559,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) secondary to hydrocephalus is relatively uncommon in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between hydrocephalus and TGN and evaluate the efficacy of surgical intervention in alleviating TGN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective analysis of three cases from our institution and performed a systematic literature review (PubMed search up to December 2024). The inclusion criteria were patients with concurrent hydrocephalus and TGN. Data were analyzed for demographic characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 21 analyzed cases (including the 3 patients reported in our study), the mean age was 38\u202fyears (range: 22\u201364), with a balanced gender distribution (male-to-female ratio: 11:10). The etiologies included isolated hydrocephalus (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f12 cases), Chiari I malformation (CIM) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f5), Dandy\u2013Walker syndrome (DWS) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f2), and tumor-related cases (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f2). Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) resulted in complete pain relief in 75% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f9\/12) of hydrocephalus cases, while endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) was effective in two cases. Microvascular decompression (MVD) showed variable efficacy, with better outcomes when combined with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hydrocephalus may represent an underrecognized secondary cause of TGN. CSF diversion procedures (VPS\/ETV) should be considered as first-line interventions, with MVD reserved for refractory cases. These findings support a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1687097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T05:40:16Z","timestamp":1769406016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydrocephalus-associated trigeminal neuralgia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jiangwei","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinxiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongliang","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000002840","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: new classification and diagnostic grading for practice and research","volume":"87","author":"Cruccu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(20)30233-7","article-title":"Advances in diagnosis, classification, pathophysiology, and management of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"19","author":"Bendtsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00523-z","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"10","author":"Ashina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis 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