{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T14:13:49Z","timestamp":1774275229481,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gait disturbance is a hallmark of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) that worsens under complex conditions and might change according to environmental context. In this study, we aimed to determine how observing gait demands and context affects arousal and valence in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty PD participants and 50 healthy subjects (HS) completed a questionnaire evaluating arousal and valence of gait observation. This consisted of 36 videos showing a person walking, which were categorized based on two factors: (i) context: natural or built environment; and (ii) walking demand: Low-Demand (LD, e.g., usual walking along a street); Moderate-Demand (MD, e.g., walking on narrow surfaces); High-Demand (HD, e.g., walking on heightened surfaces).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arousal scores increased significantly according to environmental context (natural &amp;gt; built environment) and task complexity (HD\u202f&amp;gt;\u202fMD\u202f&amp;gt;\u202fLD). Both groups reported a negative valence for demanding conditions, a positive valence for LD in natural environments, and a neutral valence for LD in built environments. When comparing PD and HS, valence attribution was similar, whereas PD participants reported higher arousal than controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall higher arousal levels observed in PD patients compared with HS may reflect a heightened emotional reactivity to walking-related challenges. This study will enhance our understanding of gait-related difficulties in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1727828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:41:14Z","timestamp":1774273274000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond walking: gait context and demands shape arousal and valence evoked by observation in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Putzolu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa","place":["Genoa, Italy"]},{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana","place":["Genoa, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Sarasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa","place":["Genoa, Italy"]},{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute","place":["Milan, Italy"]},{"name":"Neurotech Hub, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Canu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute","place":["Milan, Italy"]},{"name":"Neurotech Hub, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Terranova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa","place":["Genoa, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Botta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana","place":["Genoa, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Mezzarobba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa","place":["Genoa, Italy"]},{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana","place":["Genoa, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste","place":["Trieste, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute","place":["Milan, Italy"]},{"name":"Neurotech Hub, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","place":["Milan, Italy"]},{"name":"Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute","place":["Milan, Italy"]},{"name":"Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Agosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute","place":["Milan, Italy"]},{"name":"Neurotech Hub, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Avanzino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana","place":["Genoa, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa","place":["Genoa, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Pelosin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa","place":["Genoa, Italy"]},{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana","place":["Genoa, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(19)30044-4","article-title":"Gait impairments in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Mirelman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918719","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/918719","article-title":"A review of dual-task walking deficits in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: motor and cognitive contributions, mechanisms, and clinical 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