{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T01:39:33Z","timestamp":1785548373661,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the effects of receptive music therapy (RMT) combined with usual nursing care on cognitive performance, quality of life (QoL), mood, and metabolic stability among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A randomized controlled trial enrolled 80 participants (aged 65\u201380\u202fyears) with T2DM and mild cognitive impairment. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to an intervention group (RMT\u202f+\u202fusual nursing care,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f40) or control group (usual nursing care only,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f40) for 8\u202fweeks. Primary outcomes were changes in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), World Health Organization Quality of Life\u2013BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) scores. Secondary outcomes included glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose. Paired and independent t-tests with ANCOVA adjustment for baseline values were used.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Seventy-five participants completed the study (retention\u202f=\u202f93.7%). Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significant improvement in MoCA scores (Cohen\u2019s\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.78; 22.5\u202f\u00b1\u202f2.0\u202f\u2192\u202f26.1\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.8,\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f9.84,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.003). Total WHOQOL-BREF scores increased from 52.5\u202f\u00b1\u202f5.6 to 61.4\u202f\u00b1\u202f5.1 (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f8.73,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.005), with notable gains in the psychological (+16.5%) and social (+14.2%) domains. GDS-15 scores declined markedly from 6.9\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.5 to 4.1\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.3 (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f10.46,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.002), indicating a\u202f\u2248\u202f40% reduction in depressive symptoms and a positive correlation with cognitive improvement (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.42,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f&lt;\u202f0.05). Glycemic parameters remained stable (HbA1c 7.8\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.9\u202f\u2192\u202f7.5\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.8%;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.11; fasting glucose 8.4\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.2\u202f\u2192\u202f8.1\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.0\u202fmmol\/L;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u202f=\u202f0.14), with no adverse events. Adherence exceeded 95%, and satisfaction was &gt; 90%.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n RMT integrated with standard nursing care significantly improved cognition, mood, and QoL in elderly patients with T2DM and cognitive impairment without affecting metabolic stability. These results support RMT as a safe, inexpensive, and feasible adjunct to conventional geriatric diabetes management, offering a holistic nursing approach to enhance mental and emotional well-being.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1735619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:28:20Z","timestamp":1772627300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effect of receptive music therapy plus usual nursing care on cognitive performance and quality of life in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ran","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianhong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.08.008","article-title":"Insulin, cognition, and dementia","volume":"719","author":"Cholerton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-04977-9","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: how to implement emerging guidelines","volume":"63","author":"Biessels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0048-7","article-title":"Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes mellitus: mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"14","author":"Biessels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527317666180809092359","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus to neurodegenerative disorders: is oxidative stress fueling the flame?","volume":"17","author":"Mule","year":"2018","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70148-2","article-title":"Glucose regulation, cognition, and brain MRI in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Geijselaers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-1323","article-title":"Brain magnetic resonance imaging correlates of impaired cognition in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"55","author":"Manschot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1229","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in older adults with diabetes: what a clinician needs to know","volume":"40","author":"Munshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8227(00)00195-9","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in older subjects with diabetes mellitus: impact on diabetes self-management and use of care services","volume":"50","author":"Sinclair","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04878-6","article-title":"The association between quality of life and diabetes: the Bushehr elderly health program","volume":"24","author":"Panahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad063","article-title":"The role of music in promoting health and wellbeing: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Viola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pub Health"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"414","article-title":"Neurologic music therapy in neuropsychological rehabilitation","volume-title":"Neuropsychological rehabilitation: The international handbook","author":"Thaut","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49162-6","article-title":"The effect of receptive music therapy on older adults with mild cognitive impairment and depression: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2017.1348474","article-title":"The effect of music therapy on cognitive functions in patients with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Fusar-Poli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115498","article-title":"Effects of music therapy on cognition, quality of life, and neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"329","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2010.00626.x","article-title":"Diabetes distress and depressive symptoms: a dyadic investigation of older patients and their spouses","volume":"59","author":"Franks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fam Relat"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e22956","article-title":"Cognitive decline in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with glycated albumin, ratio of glycated albumin to glycated hemoglobin, and concentrations of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers","volume":"9","author":"Si","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03234-5","article-title":"The interface of depression and diabetes: treatment considerations","volume":"15","author":"Fanelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.64","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress\u2014a modifiable risk factor","volume":"13","author":"Hackett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2011.595390","article-title":"Emotion regulation through listening to music in everyday situations","volume":"26","author":"Thoma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.02.007","article-title":"The neurochemistry of music","volume":"17","author":"Chanda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003477","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003477.pub3","article-title":"Music-based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia","volume":"5","author":"Van der Steen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/jmt\/44.4.308","article-title":"The temporal limits of cognitive change from music therapy in elderly persons with dementia or dementia-like cognitive nmpairment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Bruer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Music Ther"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04417.x","article-title":"Current advances in the cognitive neuroscience of music","volume":"1156","author":"Levitin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn013","article-title":"Music listening enhances cognitive recovery and mood after middle cerebral artery stroke","volume":"131","author":"S\u00e4rk\u00e4m\u00f6","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2023.101809","article-title":"Effect of music therapy on older adults with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3666","article-title":"Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions","volume":"15","author":"Koelsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608508","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1608508","article-title":"Impact of music-based interventions on subjective well-being: a meta-analysis of listening, training, and therapy in clinical and nonclinical populations","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S159174","article-title":"Musical dual-task training in patients with mild-to-moderate dementia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70156","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070156","article-title":"The effect of music on the human stress response","volume":"8","author":"Thoma","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.15386\/mpr-2650","article-title":"The effects of active and relaxing music on the short-term memory, attention and metabolic parameters of type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM)","volume":"98","author":"Hadnagy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Pharmacy Reports"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1093\/jmt\/thae005","article-title":"Music therapy to facilitate relationship completion at the end of life: a mixed-methods study","volume":"61","author":"Hsieh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Music Ther"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD006577","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006577.pub3","article-title":"Music for stress and anxiety reduction in coronary heart disease patients","volume":"12","author":"Bradt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aorn.2007.09.013","article-title":"The anxiety-and pain-reducing effects of music interventions: a systematic review","volume":"87","author":"Nilsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"AORN J"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.05.053","article-title":"The rewards of music listening: response and physiological connectivity of the mesolimbic system","volume":"28","author":"Menon","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000777","article-title":"The functional brain networks activated by music listening: a neuroimaging meta-analysis and implications for treatment","volume":"36","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14713012251333017","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to accessing and engaging with arts-based non-pharmacological interventions for people living with dementia: a systematic review","author":"Polden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dementia"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1735619\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:28:21Z","timestamp":1772627301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1735619\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2026.1735619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1735619","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"article-number":"1735619"}}