{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T07:15:34Z","timestamp":1774422934823,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Academic recovery following concussion has been defined in various contexts, however, these definitions vary considerably leading to heterogenous data and limited application. Standardized definitions have also been published, though their formation are not transparently described. Therefore, this research aimed to report the various operational definitions of return-to-learn, return-to-school, return-to-class, and return-to-academics found within the literature and propose evidence-based definitions for return-to-learn (RTL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed and ScienceDirect for eligible studies that were (i) published in a peer-reviewed journal between January 2010, to January 2023, (ii) originally published in English, and (iii) had a full text available, (iv) measured RTL, return-to-school, return-to-the-classroom, or return-to-academics within a student sample, and (v) provided a clear definition or description of RTL completion criteria. Definitions of RTL, return-to-school, return-to-the-classroom, or return-to-academics along with outcome measure data (recovery times, group data, etc.) were extracted independently by three researchers and reached unanimous agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review yielded 456 articles, with 24 meeting inclusion criteria. Five recovery criteria were used across the studies: (i) guided protocols, (ii) clinician determinations\/clearance, (iii) school attendance and days missed, (iv) resumption of full academic workload, and (v) full-time without accommodations. The proposed definition of RTL for college\/universities is when the following criteria are met, (i) resolution of injury-associated symptoms, with and without academic engagement, (ii) resume pre-injury usage of accommodations, (iii) full academic participation\u2014attend all registered courses, once minimum, attendance for the full time, (iv) cognitive functioning is stable and consistent with pre-injury baseline. The proposed definition of RTL for middle and high schools when the following criteria are met, (i) tolerates full academic demands without recurrence or worsening of injury-associated symptoms, (ii) has returned to their typical school schedule and workload, including extracurricular academic activities if applicable, (iii) no longer requires modified cognitive activity levels or informal classroom supports, (iv) demonstrates stable cognitive functioning consistent with their pre-injury baseline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Academic recovery is defined by the literature in various ways, creating limited reproducibility of data. RTL definitions also display several gaps that do not account for logistical factors influencing return-to-learn across university and K-12 settings. Definitions lack a holistic approach, indicating that students may be prematurely satisfying recovery criteria. Novel definitions of recovery that are specific to the students individualized academic path, yet representative of the academic setting, are needed. The proposed definitions account for these variables, while remaining evidence-based.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1772377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T05:45:21Z","timestamp":1774417521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Defining return-to-learn through an evidence-based systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zachary W.","family":"Bevilacqua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SUNY Brockport, Department of Kinesiology, Sport Studies & Physical Education","place":["Brockport, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Fetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Quinnipiac University","place":["Hamden, CT, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Vierno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUNY Brockport, Department of Kinesiology, Sport Studies & Physical Education","place":["Brockport, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Libby","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUNY Brockport, Department of Kinesiology, Sport Studies & Physical Education","place":["Brockport, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUNY Brockport, Department of Kinesiology, Sport Studies & Physical Education","place":["Brockport, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106898","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th international conference on concussion in sport-Amsterdam, October 2022","volume":"57","author":"Patricios","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519830100","article-title":"The ivy league-big ten epidemiology of concussion study: a report on methods and first findings","volume":"47","author":"Putukian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0196062","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196062","article-title":"Earlier time to aerobic exercise is associated with faster recovery following acute sport concussion","volume":"13","author":"Lawrence","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.2.PEDS2130","article-title":"Exploring the outcomes and experiences of black and white athletes following a sport-related concussion: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Yengo-Kahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2023.0027","article-title":"Prognostic utility of oculomotor assessments in determining return-to-learn time in acutely concussed college student-athletes: a pilot study","volume":"4","author":"Vanderhorst","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurotrauma Rep"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/cnc-2019-0004","article-title":"Preliminary evidence-based recommendations for return to learn: a novel pilot study tracking concussed college students","volume":"4","author":"Bevilacqua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Concussion"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106682","article-title":"Clinical recovery from concussion-return to school and sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Putukian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0501.24","article-title":"Return to learn for the kindergarten through 12th-grade student: a mixed-methods systematic review","volume-title":"J Athl Train","author":"Dieball","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport-the 5(th) international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016","volume":"51","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.015","article-title":"Identifying the PECO: a framework for formulating good questions to explore the association of environmental and other exposures with health outcomes","volume":"121","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-45.5.492","article-title":"Supporting the student-athlete\u2019s return to the classroom after a sport-related concussion","volume":"45","author":"McGrath","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738121998687","article-title":"A pilot study evaluating the timing of vestibular therapy after sport-related concussion: is earlier better?","volume":"13","author":"Ahluwalia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.11.003","article-title":"Concussion incidence, duration, and return to school and sport in 5- to 14-year-old American football athletes","volume":"207","author":"Chrisman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.01.039","article-title":"Vestibular deficits following youth concussion","volume":"166","author":"Corwin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00792","article-title":"What comes first: return to school or return to activity for youth after concussion? Maybe we Don\u2019t have to choose","volume":"10","author":"DeMatteo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/jsm.0000000000000646","article-title":"Factors affecting recovery trajectories in pediatric female concussion","volume":"29","author":"Desai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000811","article-title":"Does sleep quality influence recovery outcomes after Postconcussive injury in children and adolescents?","volume":"38","author":"Fisher","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323137","article-title":"Concussion symptomology and recovery in children and adolescents with pre-existing anxiety","volume":"91","author":"Martin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617721000229","article-title":"Learning and attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorders as risk factors for prolonged concussion recovery in children and adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc JINS"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815589915","article-title":"Patterns of recovery following sport-related concussion in children and adolescents","volume":"55","author":"Purcell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5443","article-title":"Preinjury migraine history as a risk factor for prolonged return to school and sports following concussion","author":"Terry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.1.PEDS16611","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and outcomes after sport-related concussion: a preliminary investigation","volume":"19","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.08.014","article-title":"Higher parental stress is significantly related to longer clinical recovery times in concussed children: a mixed-methods study","volume":"25","author":"Teel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2021.101626","article-title":"Machine learning to predict sports-related concussion recovery using clinical data","volume":"65","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spec Issue Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/601-20","article-title":"Clinical recovery timelines following sport-related concussion in men\u2019s and women\u2019s collegiate sports","author":"Bretzin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.801607","article-title":"Greater acute concussion symptoms are associated with longer recovery times in NCAA division III collegiate athletes","volume":"12","author":"Iverson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PTSP.2020.10.008","article-title":"Does interprofessional concussion management improve recovery in varsity athletes? A year to year effectiveness-implementation hybrid study","volume":"47","author":"Kenrick-Rochon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport Off J Assoc Chart Physiother Sports Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104451","article-title":"Progression through return-to-sport and return-to-academics guidelines for concussion management and recovery in collegiate student athletes: findings from the ivy league\u2013big ten epidemiology of concussion study.","volume-title":"Br J Sports Med","author":"Wiebe","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.606879","article-title":"Adolescents with ADHD do not take longer to recover from concussion","volume":"8","author":"Cook","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738221125986","article-title":"Greater acute concussion symptoms are associated with longer recovery times in adolescents","volume":"37","author":"Cook","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1793388","article-title":"Concussion reporting, return to learn, and return to play experiences in a sample of private preparatory high school students","volume":"34","author":"Waltzman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.46747\/cfp.6803203","article-title":"Barriers to and facilitators of return to learning following a sport-related concussion: perspectives of female secondary school students","volume":"68","author":"Wildgoose","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician Med Fam Can"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-22-00430","article-title":"The revised JBI critical appraisal tool for the assessment of risk of bias for randomized controlled trials","volume":"21","author":"Barker","year":"2023","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097853","article-title":"What factors must be considered in \u201creturn to school\u201d following concussion and what strategies or accommodations should be followed? A systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Purcell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S40279-022-01788-8","article-title":"Achieving consensus through a modified Delphi technique to create the post-concussion collegiate return-to-learn protocol","author":"Memmini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med Auckl NZ"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188741","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1188741","article-title":"Commentary: establishing the college return to learn team for concussion: a practical approach","volume":"11","author":"Bevilacqua","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref38","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Sport concussion assessment tool\u2122 \u2013 6 (SCAT6)","volume-title":"Br J Sports Med","author":"Echemendia","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-230177","article-title":"Understanding how faculty make return-to-learn decisions for college students","author":"Bevilacqua","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/PEDS.2016-3194","article-title":"Expanding concussion Laws not necessary for return to learning after concussion","volume":"138","author":"Halstead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2867","article-title":"Returning to learning following a concussion","volume":"132","author":"Halstead","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e044487","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044487","article-title":"Educator perspectives on concussion management in the college classroom: a grounded theory introduction to collegiate return-to-learn","volume":"11","author":"Bevilacqua","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097729","article-title":"Predictors of clinical recovery from concussion: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Iverson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/htr.0000000000000145","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow during treadmill exercise is a marker of physiological Postconcussion syndrome in female athletes","volume":"31","author":"Clausen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-019-09536-8","article-title":"Concussion pathophysiology and injury biomechanics","volume":"12","author":"Romeu-Mejia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2009.12.020","article-title":"Mitochondrial calpain system: an overview","volume":"495","author":"Kar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097464","article-title":"What is the physiological time to recovery after concussion? A systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Kamins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E59","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000882","article-title":"The efficacy of vestibular rehabilitation therapy for mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Aljabri","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2023.01256","article-title":"Role of nonpharmacological concussion management in children: systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"67","author":"Siahaan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pediatr"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215518791274","article-title":"The effects of vestibular rehabilitation on dizziness and balance problems in patients after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Kleffelgaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1044\/2021_AJA-21-00165","article-title":"Vestibular rehabilitation effectiveness for adults with mild traumatic brain injury\/concussion: a Mini-systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Schlemmer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Audiol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.75369","article-title":"Vestibular rehabilitation as an early intervention in athletes who are post-concussion: a systematic review","author":"Babula","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E87","DOI":"10.46747\/CFP.6803E87","article-title":"Relapse of concussion symptoms in the context of premature return to learn and return to play: comparative analysis of 2006 to 2011 and 2011 to 2016","volume":"68","author":"Carson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician Med Fam Can"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"35","article-title":"Returning to the classroom following sport-related concussion: perspectives of college student athletes","volume":"32","author":"Acord-Vira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Postsecond Educ Disabil"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Exploring the experience of university students coping with acquired or traumatic brain injury","volume-title":"Wilfred Laurier University (Thesis)","author":"Haag","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"389","article-title":"Invisible injuries: the experiences of college students with histories of mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"29","author":"Childers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Postsecond Educ Disabil"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_AJSLP-20-00076","article-title":"Student perspectives on the role of peer support following concussion: development of the SUCCESS peer mentoring program","volume":"30","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"key":"ref59","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-015-9492-3","article-title":"Mental fatigue after mild traumatic brain injury: a 3D-ASL perfusion study","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/s0028-3932(02)00169-0","article-title":"Prefrontal activity associated with working memory and episodic long-term memory","volume":"41","author":"Ranganath","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2983","article-title":"Persistent differences in patterns of brain activation after sports-related concussion: a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"31","author":"Dettwiler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2024.0499","article-title":"Post-concussion changes in the functional brain connectome relative to pre-injury baseline: a prospective observational study","author":"Churchill","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8023","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0269-21.2021","article-title":"Cortical processing of arithmetic and simple sentences in an auditory attention task","volume":"41","author":"Kulasingham","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42911","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42911","article-title":"Different brain structures associated with artistic and scientific creativity: a voxel-based morphometry study","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23989","article-title":"Musical training induces functional and structural auditory-motor network plasticity in young adults","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106860","article-title":"Introducing the sport concussion office assessment tool 6 (SCOAT6)","volume":"57","author":"Patricios","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-018-02150-8","article-title":"Impact of factors that affect Reading skill level on king-Devick baseline performance time","volume":"47","author":"Chrisman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01582","article-title":"The relationship between executive functions and academic performance in primary education: review and Meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Cort\u00e9s Pascual","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815588820","article-title":"Factors associated with problems for adolescents returning to the classroom after sport-related concussion","volume":"54","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12949","article-title":"Establishing consensus for essential elements in returning to learn following a concussion","volume":"90","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sch Health"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102106","article-title":"Post-acute white matter microstructure predicts post-acute and chronic post-concussive symptom severity following mild traumatic brain injury in children","volume":"25","author":"Ware","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25885","article-title":"Longitudinal white matter microstructural changes in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: an A-CAP study","volume":"43","author":"Ware","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004669","article-title":"Multiparametric MRI changes persist beyond recovery in concussed adolescent hockey players","volume":"89","author":"Manning","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2017.09.004","article-title":"Imaging of concussion in young athletes","volume":"28","author":"Guenette","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0183","article-title":"Longitudinal functional connectome in pediatric concussion: an advancing concussion assessment in pediatrics study","volume":"41","author":"Onicas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639179","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.639179","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging correlates of concussion related cognitive impairment","volume":"12","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106984","article-title":"Child SCOAT6","volume":"57","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13286","article-title":"King-Devick test normative reference values and internal consistency in youth football and soccer athletes","volume":"28","author":"Moran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14151661","article-title":"Baseline normative and test-retest reliability data for sideline concussion assessment measures in youth","volume":"14","author":"Wethe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagn Basel Switz"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1772377\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T05:45:30Z","timestamp":1774417530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1772377\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2026.1772377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1772377","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"article-number":"1772377"}}