{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T06:04:02Z","timestamp":1771567442293,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n In the context of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) has been shown to alleviate motor symptoms; nevertheless, functional outcomes at follow-up continue to be inconsistent. Patients who are at a higher risk of unsatisfactory functional recovery could be identified with the use of a personalized risk stratification tool, which would also provide information for perioperative treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We retrospectively reviewed consecutive PD patients who underwent STN-DBS at the Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People\u2019s Hospital, from January 1, 2015 to August 1, 2024, with 1-year follow-up. The outcome was defined using the medication-off Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale (S&amp;E) at 1\u202fyear: good outcome (S&amp;E\u202f&gt;\u202f70) versus poor outcome (S&amp;E\u202f\u2264\u202f70). Candidate predictors were prespecified and collected from three domains: general clinical characteristics, perioperative indicators, and preoperative specialist assessments. Through the use of multivariable logistic regression, independent predictors of poor outcomes were found, and a nomogram was produced. Bootstrap resampling was utilized in order to carry out the internal validation process. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC (C-index)] was used to quantify the discrimination of the model, the calibration was investigated using a calibration plot and the Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow test, and the clinical utility was evaluated using decision curve analysis (DCA).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n 184 people were included in the study, with 109 having a positive outcome and 75 having a negative outcome. Out of the 195 patients that were eligible, 11 were lost to follow-up. Independently, worse outcome was linked with older age (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.03\u20131.14), a lower score on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (odds ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.56\u20130.79), and postoperative electrolyte disorder (odds ratio 2.97, 95% confidence interval 1.28\u20136.91). There was a low level of optimism on the internal validation (optimism-corrected C-index 0.841), despite the fact that the nomogram shown decent discrimination (AUC 0.846; bootstrap 95% confidence interval 0.781\u20130.905). In general, the calibration revealed that the projected risks and the observed hazards were in agreement. The results of the DCA indicated that the model had a positive net benefit across a wide range of threshold probabilities (0.20\u20130.99).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n For the purpose of predicting the functional prognosis of a patient with Parkinson\u2019s disease 1\u202fyear after receiving STN-DBS, we constructed a parsimonious nomogram that included age, MMSE, and postoperative electrolyte imbalance. In the event that our model is validated by an external source, it may be able to facilitate individualized perioperative risk assessment and collaborative decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1779907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T05:21:00Z","timestamp":1771564860000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A parsimonious nomogram for individualized prediction of 1-year functional outcome after STN-DBS in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a single-center retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yiming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Liaocheng, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiushi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Liaocheng, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baojun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Liaocheng, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengyang","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Liaocheng, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.10.22.25338533","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of 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