{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T22:35:24Z","timestamp":1792362924525,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to investigate brain iron deposition patterns in different motor subtypes of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). We compared tremor-dominant (TD) and postural instability\/gait difficulty (PIGD) patients, analyzed the association between iron deposition and core motor symptoms, and further explored its potential as an imaging feature associated with clinical subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 45 PD patients (25 TD-PD, 20 PIGD-PD) and 23 healthy controls. QSM values were measured in the bilateral caudate nucleus (CN), dentate nucleus (DN), globus pallidus (GP), putamen (PUT), red nucleus (RN), substantia nigra (SN), and thalamus (TH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to controls, both PD groups showed elevated iron levels in multiple brain regions. Notably, TD patients exhibited significantly higher magnetic susceptibility in the DN than both PIGD patients and controls, and DN susceptibility also showed a positive correlation with tremor severity in the overall PD cohort (rs\u202f=\u202f0.339,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.023). A combined model incorporating DN susceptibility and levodopa equivalent daily dose effectively distinguished TD from PIGD subtypes with an area under the curve of 0.898.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that the motor subtypes of Parkinson\u2019s disease exhibit distinct brain iron distribution patterns, with the TD subtype showing increased DN iron deposition. This supports the role of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuit in tremor and highlights dentate nucleus iron deposition as a potential imaging feature associated with the tremor-dominant phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1788931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:25:02Z","timestamp":1774329902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differential brain iron deposition in Parkinson\u2019s disease subtypes: a comparative quantitative susceptibility mapping study of tremor-dominant versus postural instability\/gait difficulty phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yiting","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nursing Office, Department of Nursing, Changzhou Hygiene Vocational Technology College","place":["Changzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengrui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Huzhou Central Hospital","place":["Huzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Huzhou Central Hospital","place":["Huzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Huzhou Central Hospital","place":["Huzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Huzhou Central Hospital","place":["Huzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nursing Office, Department of Nursing, Changzhou Hygiene Vocational Technology College","place":["Changzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Huzhou Central Hospital","place":["Huzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25383","article-title":"How to identify tremor dominant and postural instability\/gait difficulty groups with the movement disorder society unified Parkinson's disease rating scale: comparison with the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale","volume":"28","author":"Stebbins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-022-02531-9","article-title":"Nigral neuropathology of 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