{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T10:08:50Z","timestamp":1784110130539,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Open-cell self-expanding stents have been used for vertebral artery origin (VAO) atherosclerotic stenosis; however, data on their safety and durability remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively screened 96 patients who were evaluated for potential open-cell self-expanding stent treatment of angiographically confirmed VAO stenosis between February 2015 and December 2020. After exclusion of 62 patients (47 with vertebral artery diameter &amp;lt;4.0\u202fmm and 15 with vertebral artery diameter &amp;gt;\u202f=\u202f4.0\u202fmm who declined self-expanding stent treatment), the final treated cohort comprised 34 consecutive eligible symptomatic patients who underwent open-cell self-expanding stent implantation. Clinical outcomes were assessed perioperatively and during follow-up. The 30-day safety endpoint included stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. ISR was evaluated among patients who completed imaging follow-up; DSA-confirmed ISR and ISR among all patients with imaging surveillance were both reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 96 screened patients, 34 symptomatic treated patients were included. Three patients entered the symptomatic 50\u201369% stenosis pathway after insufficient response to medical therapy, and 31 entered the symptomatic &amp;gt;\u202f=\u202f70% high-risk anatomic stenosis pathway. Technical success was 100%. VAO stenosis improved from 75.7 +\/\u2212 7.9% preprocedure to 8.4 +\/\u2212 7.6% immediately after stenting (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). Distal embolic protection was used in all procedures. Periprocedural complications occurred in 2\/34 patients (5.9%; 95% CI, 1.6\u201319.1%), including 1 symptomatic acute cerebral infarction. No myocardial infarction or death occurred within 30\u202fdays. Clinical follow-up was available in 31\/34 patients (91.2%); long-term telephone follow-up had a median duration of 43.0\u202fmonths (IQR, 35.0\u201355.0; range, 10\u201383), with no treatment-requiring recurrent symptoms reported. Imaging follow-up was available in 24\/34 patients (70.6%) for a median of 6.0\u202fmonths (IQR, 3.8\u201313.5; range, 1\u201360). DSA-confirmed ISR occurred in 1\/16 patients (6.3%; 95% CI, 1.1\u201328.3%) who underwent DSA follow-up; among all patients with imaging surveillance, ISR was observed in 1\/24 (4.2%; 95% CI, 0.7\u201320.2%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single-center retrospective series, open-cell self-expanding stent implantation for atherosclerotic VAO stenosis appeared technically feasible and was associated with infrequent periprocedural adverse events. Longer-term durability and optimal patient selection require confirmation in larger prospective studies with standardized imaging follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1805607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T09:31:30Z","timestamp":1784107890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-expanding open-cell carotid stent for symptomatic moderate-to-severe vertebral artery origin atherosclerotic stenosis: a single-center retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hongliang","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Weixian People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Handan, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwen","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongchao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongquan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.02.005","article-title":"Endovascular 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