{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T06:15:11Z","timestamp":1783318511921,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in neurocognitive disorders (NCD) and are known to negatively impact patient\u2019s functional abilities. However, our understanding of the relationship between individual NPS and functional decline in patients with NCD across the spectrum of cognitive impairment is limited. Here we examine the relationship between specific NPS to characterize their effects on patient\u2019s function within and across different etiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Longitudinal observational study using the National Alzheimer\u2019s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (NACCUDS). We examined NPS as characterized by expert clinicians and report its impact on the outcome of functional decline, measured by the Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ), a standardized assessment of activities of daily living, by dementia etiology (Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f11,044), Lewy Body Disease (LBD,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f921), and behavioral variant frontal temporal lobe dementia (bvFTD,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f933)).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We find apathy was the most commonly endorsed and the most persistent symptom across dementia types in all groups and was associated with more rapid functional decline in AD and bvFTD. On the contrary, depression, occurring in 40% or more of all groups, was not associated with worsening functional impairment in any group. We identified patterns that indicated higher rates of disinhibition and persistent disinhibition in bvFTD compared to AD and LBD. Psychosis had unique impact on functional decline in AD and LBD as did agitation in AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differential impact of individual NPS across dementia etiologies and their impact on functional decline may have important consequences for clinical trial designs for the treatment of these symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1805908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T05:37:14Z","timestamp":1783316234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neuropsychiatric symptom profile in neurocognitive disorders and their relationship with functional decline"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Carolyn W.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, NY, United States"]},{"name":"James J Peters VA Medical Center","place":["Bronx, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lon S.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Gerontology, Keck School of Medicine and Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California","place":["Los Angeles, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Elder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James J Peters VA Medical Center","place":["Bronx, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laili","family":"Soleimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Neugroschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corbett","family":"Schimming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James J Peters VA Medical Center","place":["Bronx, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James J Peters VA Medical Center","place":["Bronx, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200102000-00007","article-title":"The impact of behavioral symptoms on activities of daily living in patients with dementia","volume":"9","author":"Norton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr 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