{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T05:00:29Z","timestamp":1781067629664,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Motor deficits following resection of intrinsic brain tumours impair quality-of-life and survival. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promise for motor rehabilitation. Only contralesional low-frequency stimulation (CL-LFS) has been tested in this setting. Ipsilesional high-frequency stimulation (IL-HFS), effective in stroke recovery, has not been explored in patients with brain tumours due to several safety concerns, namely: seizure risk, wound healing, and implant heating.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four patients received IL-HFS and six received standard CL-LFS following resection of motor-eloquent tumours. Patients were eligible for IL-HFS if ipsilateral motor evoked potentials were preserved. Pre- and post-rTMS myotomal strength (MRC) and functional status (AMPAC 6-Click Daily Activity and Mobility) were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Adverse events were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All patients demonstrated significant improvements in MRC grade (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Strength gains were greater in lower-limb myotomes. AMPAC scores improved in both groups. No seizures or heating effects occurred. One IL-HFS patient required wound revision of a third-time operated wound. The same patient had a 30-s syncopal episode during their final rTMS session with no features of seizures. Another patient reported transient (24-h) paraesthesia in the unaffected foot. Finally, another patient with two programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunts\n                      <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      did not demonstrate any shunt setting changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IL-HFS rTMS appears to be safe in the early post-operative period following tumour resection. These preliminary findings support further prospective trials evaluating IL-HFS \u2014alone or combined with CL-LFS\u2014 to optimise motor recovery in patients with brain tumours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1814880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T04:28:38Z","timestamp":1781065718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The safety of ipsilateral high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in brain tumour patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ahmad M. 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United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool","place":["Liverpool, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasheed","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust","place":["Liverpool, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool","place":["Liverpool, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujit","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center","place":["Houston, TX, United 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