{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T05:28:33Z","timestamp":1786512513586,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inner retinal layer thinning, particularly of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT), is an established surrogate biomarker of neuroaxonal damage in multiple sclerosis; however, the influence of preprocessing strategies on longitudinal retinal change estimates remains unclear. We investigated the effects of OSCAR-IB quality control (QC) and manual segmentation correction on retinal layer change rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with MS (pwMS) with \u2265 2 OCT routine scans obtained \u2265 6\u202fmonths apart were included. Annualized pRNFL and GCIPL thickness change was estimated using linear mixed-effects models across four preprocessing strategies: raw data, data after full OSCAR-IB QC, data after QC excluding the algorithm-criterion for segmentation, and data after manual segmentation correction. Longitudinal stability was evaluated using residual variance and random slope variance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 173 pwMS (mean age 34.6\u202fyears [8.5], 72.3% female) were included. Mean annualized pRNFL and GCIPL thickness change in raw data were \u22120.29%\/year (0.29) and 0.14%\/year (0.37), respectively. Compared with raw data, application of OSCAR-IB QC was associated with lower residual variance for both pRNFL (1.50 vs. 1.73) and GCIPL (0.65 vs. 0.78). Manual segmentation correction did not improve longitudinal stability for either retinal layer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OSCAR-IB QC was associated with improved longitudinal consistency of pRNFL and GCIPL change estimates in MS. In contrast, manual segmentation correction was not associated with additional benefit beyond exclusion-based QC, suggesting limited added value in routine clinical or large-scale research settings where feasibility and scalability are critical.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1817433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:46:53Z","timestamp":1786510013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of OSCAR-IB quality control and manual segmentation on retinal atrophy rates in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Stichaller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nik","family":"Krajnc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"F\u00f6ttinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Philipp","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Monschein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Ponleitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kornek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fritz","family":"Leutmezer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Macher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulus","family":"Rommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Schmied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Zebenholzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Zrzavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudrun","family":"Zulehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"Pemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Bsteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, 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