{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:09:15Z","timestamp":1780549755716,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG)-derived facial hemodynamic alterations across migraine states and examine their association with contingent negative variation (CNV), an electroencephalography-derived marker of anticipatory cortical activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 78 patients with migraine, including 60 assessed during the interictal phase (IP) and 18 assessed during the migraine attack phase (MAP), together with 72 healthy controls (HC). Short facial videos were analyzed across three facial angiosomes: the lateral forehead, mid-forehead, and cheek. Two peripheral pulsation metrics were derived: bilateral pulsation amplitude asymmetry (BPA) and bilateral pulsation phase difference (BPP). CNV recordings obtained during an S1\u2013S2 paradigm were used to quantify initial CNV (iCNV), overall CNV (oCNV), and terminal CNV (tCNV) amplitudes and areas. Group effects and CNV\u2013iPPG associations were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age and sex. Sensitivity analyses evaluated potential confounding by mood symptoms, headache impact, acute medication use, and unequal IP\u2013MAP sample sizes. Exploratory receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to assess within-cohort separability before and after adjustment for age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BPA and BPP were higher in patients with migraine than in HC across facial angiosomes. CNV metrics showed state-dependent differences: IP participants had higher iCNV, oCNV, and tCNV amplitudes and areas than both HC and MAP participants, whereas MAP participants were generally comparable to HC. CNV amplitudes were positively associated with BPA and BPP, with angiosome-dependent slopes and stronger group differences in iCNV-related models. Exploratory analyses showed high within-cohort separability for mid-forehead iPPG metrics in distinguishing migraine from HC and for central CNV metrics in distinguishing MAP from IP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine is associated with increased facial pulsation asymmetry and phase asynchrony, state-dependent CNV alterations, and angiosome- and state-dependent central\u2013peripheral coupling. These candidate markers require validation in larger, longitudinal, and external cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1818649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T04:58:16Z","timestamp":1780549096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["State-dependent facial pulsation asymmetry and phase asynchrony measured by imaging photoplethysmography and their coupling with contingent negative variation in migraine"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Huanyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of CNS\/ATM and MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-field Intelligent Sensing, Beijing Institute of Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection in Complex Environment of Aerospace, Land and Sea, Beijing Institute of Technology","place":["Zhuhai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingru","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Headache Center, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuxia","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunbo","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Changchun, Jilin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First 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