{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T20:43:48Z","timestamp":1780605828206,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives\/methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this case report, we present a patient with severe, refractory non-infectious panuveitis and concomitant multiple sclerosis who failed conventional immunosuppressive therapies and biologics. Non-infectious uveitis is a vision-threatening inflammatory disorder commonly driven by T-cell\u2013mediated immune mechanisms. Increasing evidence suggests however that B cells also contribute substantially to disease pathogenesis through cytokine production, antigen presentation, and modulation of immune responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After multiple panuveitis relapses despite conventional and experimental treatment, including anti-CD52 therapy with alemtuzumab, the B-cell\u2013depleting monoclonal antibody ofatumumab was initiated, resulting in sustained clinical remission and preservation of visual function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case highlights the potential role of B cells in the immunopathogenesis of non-infectious uveitis and suggests that B-cell\u2013targeted therapy may represent an effective therapeutic option for patients with refractory disease, particularly in the context of coexisting autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1823224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:33:19Z","timestamp":1777437199000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case Report: B-cell\u2013targeted therapy with ofatumumab achieves remission in refractory panuveitis and coexisting multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Agni M.","family":"Konitsioti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne","place":["Cologne, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeany Q.","family":"Lammert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne","place":["Cologne, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Vay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne","place":["Cologne, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gereon R.","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne","place":["Cologne, Germany"]},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM3), Research Center J\u00fclich","place":["J\u00fclich, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schroeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne","place":["Cologne, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Warnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne","place":["Cologne, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg","place":["Marburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.4358","article-title":"Uveitis in Adults","volume":"334","author":"Maghsoudlou","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695904","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.695904","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors in non-infectious uveitis: a systematic 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