{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:47:26Z","timestamp":1792626446307,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parakinesia brachialis oscitans (PBO), involuntary elevation of the paralyzed upper limb during yawning is a rare phenomenon after ischemic stroke, but its prognostic significance remains unclear due to limited systematic studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare 3-month motor recovery between ischemic stroke patients with PBO, without PBO, and with spontaneously resolved PBO using a propensity score-matched design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 33 patients with PBO identified in the database as the PBO group, while the non-PBO group was selected from patients with acute ischemic stroke between March and June 2024. Two independent neurologists reviewed medical records according to standardized criteria to identify PBO (within 7\u202fdays of stroke onset) and collected baseline data from all patients within 24\u202fh of stroke onset. PSM (1:2) was used to balance baseline characteristics (age, sex, vascular risk factors, stroke location, ASPECTS score, baseline Lovett score, and FMA score) between the PBO and non-PBO groups. The primary outcome was the FMA score at 3\u202fmonths; the secondary outcome was the Lovett classification. All outcome assessors were blinded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After matching, 26 PBO patients were matched to 52 non-PBO patients with balanced baseline characteristics. At 3\u202fmonths, the PBO group showed significantly higher FMA scores (mean difference 3.77, 95% CI: \u22120.54\u20136.97;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.022) and Lovett grades (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.018) than the non-PBO group. Among PBO patients, the PBO disappearance group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f19) within 1\u202fmonth achieved higher FMA scores than the PBO persistence group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f14) (mean difference 7.11, 95% CI: \u221213.10\u2013-1.06;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.021), whereas Lovett grades did not differ significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.111).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this propensity-score-matched cohort study, the presence of PBO was associated with better recovery of motor function at 3\u202fmonths. Early spontaneous resolution of PBO was associated with better fine motor outcomes compared to persistent PBO. These findings, which support the hypothesis, suggest that PBO may serve as a potential prognostic indicator warranting further prospective research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1824166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T14:51:20Z","timestamp":1778251880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Parakinesia brachialis oscitans on limb functional recovery after stroke: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Congcong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Neurology, Henan Joint International Laboratory of Neurorestoratology for Senile Dementia, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology and Protein Modification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Neurology, Henan Joint International Laboratory of Neurorestoratology for Senile Dementia, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology and Protein Modification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Neurology, Henan Joint International Laboratory of Neurorestoratology for Senile Dementia, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology and Protein Modification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Neurology, Henan Joint International Laboratory of Neurorestoratology for Senile Dementia, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology and Protein Modification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Neurology, Henan Joint International Laboratory of Neurorestoratology for Senile Dementia, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology and Protein Modification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangxi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Neurology, Henan Joint International Laboratory of Neurorestoratology for Senile Dementia, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology and Protein Modification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingkai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Medical University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Neurology, Henan Joint International Laboratory of Neurorestoratology for Senile Dementia, Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology and Protein Modification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e897","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00228-0","article-title":"Temporal trend and attributable risk factors of stroke burden in China, 1990-2019: an analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"l5101","article-title":"Physical fitness training in patients with subacute stroke (PHYS-STROKE): multicentre, randomised controlled, endpoint blinded 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