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Despite this concern, few studies have assessed outcomes among concussion patients undergoing surgery, and clinical guidance for this population remains limited. This review examines shared neuropathological features between mild traumatic brain injury and anesthesia to identify potential mechanisms that could underlie poor outcomes following surgery in the setting of concussion. Both mild traumatic brain injury and anesthesia contribute to neuroinflammation and impaired blood-brain barrier function, resulting in neuronal and glial injury. When superimposed on the mechanical injury caused by concussion, these overlapping processes may contribute to secondary injury, delayed recovery, and worse long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1852782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:41:01Z","timestamp":1786120861000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shared neuropathological features of mild traumatic brain injury and anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Annabelle","family":"Shanks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry","place":["Rochester, NY, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine","place":["New Haven, CT, United 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