{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:52:17Z","timestamp":1785909137340,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Neonatal herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) encephalitis frequently manifests with atypical clinical features, which complicates its early identification. Given the challenge of controlling the infant\u2019s seizures, whole exome sequencing was conducted to rule out genetic disorders like early-onset epileptic encephalopathy; this process incidentally revealed a variation in the\n                      <jats:italic>TLR3<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene. Host genetic factors, especially the antiviral pathway mediated by TLR3, may influence disease progression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 17-day-old female presented with fever and frequent convulsions 15\u202fdays after birth. Cranial MRI showed meningoencephalitis, and funduscopy revealed infectious retinopathy. Exome sequencing identified a heterozygous\n                      <jats:italic>TLR3<\/jats:italic>\n                      variant (c.338A\u202f&amp;gt;\u202fC, p. Gln113Pro), and cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic sequencing confirmed HSV-2 infection. Initial cefotaxime-sulbactam plus penicillin was ineffective; subsequent acyclovir and immunoglobulin therapy led to gradual improvement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In infants with fever and convulsions showing poor response to empirical treatment, cerebrospinal fluid mNGS is strongly recommended for early diagnosis. Further research is needed on the pathogenic role of\n                      <jats:italic>TLR3<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1853080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:39:13Z","timestamp":1785908353000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A case of neonatal herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis with TLR3 gene mutation and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University","place":["Shaoguan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Affiliated YueBei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shaoguan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chungui","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University","place":["Shaoguan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Affiliated YueBei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shaoguan, China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Province Critical Newborn Rescue Center (North Guangdong)","place":["Shaoguan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University","place":["Shaoguan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Affiliated YueBei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shaoguan, China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Province Critical Newborn Rescue Center (North Guangdong)","place":["Shaoguan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University","place":["Shaoguan, China"]},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Affiliated YueBei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","place":["Shaoguan, China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Province Critical Newborn Rescue Center (North Guangdong)","place":["Shaoguan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0807633","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal herpes simplex virus infections","volume":"361","author":"Corey","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J 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