{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:01:42Z","timestamp":1790830902453,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies using finger-tapping tasks have shown that patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) exhibit a deficit of temporal processing linked to gait disturbance. In this study, we aimed to investigate abnormalities in lower-limb rhythmic control and their association with freezing of gait in PD using a bilateral foot-tapping task.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen patients with PD and 25 healthy controls performed foot-tapping tasks synchronized with auditory tones at fixed intervals (500\u20132,400\u202fms). The tasks included unilateral and bilateral foot-tapping, with bilateral movements performed either in-phase (simultaneous) or antiphase (alternating). Data on synchronizing tapping error and inter-tap interval variability were analyzed and correlated with scores from clinical assessments, including the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with PD showed greater negative synchronizing tapping error (negative asynchrony) and higher inter-tap interval variability than did controls, especially in antiphase condition. Exploratory within-PD-group analyses suggested associations between clinical severity and abnormalities in bilateral foot-tapping performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate altered temporal accuracy and stability of rhythmic lower-limb movements in PD, particularly during bilateral antiphase foot-tapping. Bilateral foot-tapping measures may help characterize lower-limb timing deficits that are relevant to gait rehabilitation in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1860090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:48:13Z","timestamp":1790830093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal synchronization during bilateral foot-tapping and its relationship with gait disturbance in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Atsuki","family":"Numata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Course, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University","place":["Sendai, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Terao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University","place":["Mitaka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naohiko","family":"Togashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital","place":["Sagamihara, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuko","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital","place":["Sagamihara, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Sugawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services Graduate School","place":["Yokosuka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Ugawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of System Neuroscience, Fukushima Medical University","place":["Fukushima, Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, NHO Fukushima National Hospital","place":["Sukagawa, Fukushima, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Furubayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Environmental Science, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University","place":["Sendai, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1764","article-title":"What makes us tick? 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