{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T06:01:41Z","timestamp":1785477701404,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare macular and optic nerve head (ONH) microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in asymptomatic human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers and patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP), in search of potential biomarkers of disease development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pilot study analyzing quantitative OCT-A parameters of the macula and ONH vasculature in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (group 1) and patients with HAM\/TSP (group 2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Up to 41 eyes of 21 patients were included. Macular total vessel density and perfusion density (PD) were 18.72\u202fmm\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [95% CI: 17.58\u201319.86] and 32.34% [95% CI: 29.95\u201334.92] in group 1 vs. 18.32\u202fmm\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [95% CI: 17.06\u201319.58] (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.59) and 32.19% [95% CI: 29.45\u201335.16] (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f1) in group 2. Foveal avascular zone area, perimeter and circularity were similar in both groups (0.255\u202fmm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [95% CI: 0.157\u20130.354] vs. 0.293\u202fmm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [95% CI: 0.180\u20130.406],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.41, 2.124\u202fmm [95% CI: 1.782\u20132.531] vs. 2.344\u202fmm [95% CI: 1.916\u20132.867],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.41, and 0.634 [95% CI: 0.588\u20130.680] vs. 0.603 [95% CI: 0.551\u20130.655],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.32, in group 1 vs. group 2 respectively). Peripapillary PD and flux index (FI) were 43.95% [95% CI: 42.90\u201345.03] vs. 43.19% [95% CI: 42.01\u201344.40],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.29, and 0.425 [95% CI: 0.41\u20130.44] vs. 0.403 [95% CI: 0.38\u20130.42],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.08, in group 1 vs. group 2, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite limitations related to sample size and disease rarity, this pilot study revealed no statistically significant differences in the macular and ONH microvascular parameters assessed by OCT-A between HAM\/TSP patients and asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers. Further investigations are needed in larger longitudinal multicenter studies regarding the peripapillary FI, which tends to be lower in patients with HAM\/TSP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1863991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:39:12Z","timestamp":1785476352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of macular and optic nerve vasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Oksan","family":"Isik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital of Martinique","place":["Fort-de-France, 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