{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:55:42Z","timestamp":1792788942585,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Research Pre-Research Fund Project","award":["SDFEYHT2501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDFEYHT2501"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xjrkt08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Nuclear Medical","award":["ZHYLZD2023002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZHYLZD2023002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the correlation of\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-FDG PET\/CT metabolic patterns and clinical parameters with disease severity in patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively analyzed 35 AE patients who underwent\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-FDG PET\/CT at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between March 2021 and December 2023. Clinical and auxiliary examination data were collected and analyzed using the\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test, Mann\u2013Whitney U test, Fisher\u2019s exact test, and Spearman correlation. Metabolic patterns on PET\/CT were assessed both visually and using Cortex ID software across severity groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 35 AE patients (21 males, 14 females), 16 were classified as mild and 19 as moderate-to-severe. Compared to the mild group, the moderate-to-severe group exhibited significantly elevated neutrophil percentages and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), alongside reduced lymphocyte percentages, lymphocyte counts, and serum calcium ion levels (Z\u202f=\u202f\u22122.75 to 2.30; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05).\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-FDG PET\/CT demonstrated a higher abnormality detection rate than brain MRI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). The most common imaging finding was hypometabolism in the brain parenchyma, predominantly involving the parietal and occipital lobes. Furthermore, CASE scores demonstrated a negative correlation with Z-scores in the right medial frontal lobe, right superior parietal lobe, and bilateral lateral occipital lobes (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.456 to \u22120.567; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In addition to clinical symptoms, specific cerebrospinal fluid and serum biomarkers may help evaluate AE severity.\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-FDG PET\/CT demonstrates a higher abnormality detection rate than brain MRI, and we preliminarily observed a correlation between regional hypometabolism and clinical severity scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1880946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:56:01Z","timestamp":1790744161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["18F-FDG PET\/CT metabolic patterns and clinical parameters correlate with disease severity in autoimmune encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Baocheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangyuan First People's Hospital","place":["Guangyuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yirong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxi","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9","article-title":"A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"15","author":"Graus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2020-002567","article-title":"Autoimmune encephalitis: clinical spectrum and management","volume":"21","author":"Uy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pract 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