{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T05:23:17Z","timestamp":1787289797268,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric tic disorders (TD) are common neurodevelopmental conditions frequently complicated by attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and depression. Integrated Chinese and Western medicine is widely used in China, but its efficacy evaluation and comorbidity management lack standardized, evidence-anchored consensus methodologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the protocol for developing an evidence-based expert consensus on efficacy evaluation and comorbidity management of integrated Chinese-Western medicine for pediatric TD, using a GRADE-informed modified Delphi process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The consensus will be developed in six phases: (1) setup and scoping, including a multidisciplinary, cross-regional Development Panel and identification of core clinical questions; (2) systematic literature search, quality appraisal (AMSTAR 2, RoB 2, ROBINS-I, QUADAS-2, AGREE II, and JBI checklists), and GRADE certainty assessment; (3) a three-round modified Delphi survey with \u226575% consensus threshold, anonymous voting, and controlled feedback; (4) a planned hybrid consensus meeting to adjudicate unresolved items, with two-stage voting (adoption then strength) and predefined decision rules; (5) drafting, external review, and final endorsement; and (6) dissemination and updating. Good Practice Statements (GPS) will be distinguished from evidence-based recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Expected outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This protocol seeks to generate: (1) core recommendation statements; (2) an integrated efficacy evaluation framework spanning tic severity, TCM syndromes, and functional status; (3) targeted management pathways for prevalent comorbidities (ADHD, OCD, anxiety\/depression); and (4) standardized safety monitoring principles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This protocol presents a transparent, reproducible, and GRADE-aligned methodology for developing an integrative consensus in pediatric TD. It may serve as a methodological reference for future integrative guideline development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1891900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T04:22:52Z","timestamp":1787286172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protocol for developing an evidence-based expert consensus on efficacy evaluation and comorbidity management of integrated Chinese and Western medicine for pediatric tic disorders: a GRADE-based modified Delphi study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pingyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Handan Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital","place":["Handan, Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Guang\u2019anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1212\/cont.0000000000001595","article-title":"Tourette syndrome and tic disorders","volume":"31","author":"Frey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.11.007","article-title":"Establishing standards of practice for transoral outlet reduction: an expert consensus using a modified Delphi method","volume":"103","author":"McCarty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397766","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1397766","article-title":"Comorbidity of physical illnesses and mental disorders in outpatients with tic disorders: a retrospective study using the outpatient case system","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00320","article-title":"Astrogliosis associated with behavioral abnormality in a non-anaphylactic mouse model of cow\u2019s milk allergy","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.002","article-title":"Prevalence of tic disorders: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Knight","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.03.007","article-title":"The prevalence and epidemiology of Gilles de La Tourette syndrome: part 2: tentative explanations for differing prevalence figures in GTS, including the possible effects of psychopathology, aetiology, cultural differences, and differing phenotypes","volume":"65","author":"Robertson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15050426","article-title":"Epidemiology of Tourette syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-023-01562-0","article-title":"Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with Tourette syndrome; 1997 to 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Abbasi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(88)90075-1","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age of onset of psychiatric disorders: recall 4 years later","volume":"22","author":"Prusoff","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.31195","article-title":"The familial association of Tourette\u2019s disorder and ADHD: the impact of OCD symptoms","author":"O'Rourke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007467","article-title":"Comprehensive systematic review summary: treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders","volume":"92","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13101306","article-title":"Cross-disorder genome-wide analyses suggest a complex genetic relationship between Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"172","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01899-z","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders\u2014version 2.0. Part III: pharmacological treatment","volume":"31","author":"Roessner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00303-9","article-title":"Tourette syndrome: clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment","volume":"22","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237513","DOI":"10.3233\/BEN-120275","article-title":"Co-morbid disorders in Tourette syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Mol Debes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3588043","DOI":"10.1155\/ppc\/3588043","article-title":"The fingerprints of fetal hormones: investigating tic disorder\u2019s origins through 2D: 4D digit ratio analysis","volume":"2026","author":"\u015eahin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Perspect Psychiatr Care"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0823-8","article-title":"The effects of Gilles de La Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders on quality of life across the lifespan: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Evans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00774","article-title":"Current status, diagnosis, and treatment recommendation for tic disorders in China","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70012","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.70012","article-title":"Chinese expert consensus on integrated Chinese and Western medicine for the treatment of tic disorders","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682518","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1682518","article-title":"The development and verification of clinical medication pathway for tic disorder in West China","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677592","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1677592","article-title":"The effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of Tourette syndrome in Chinese children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004326","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004326","article-title":"ACCORD (ACcurate COnsensus reporting document): a reporting guideline for consensus methods in biomedicine developed via a modified Delphi","volume":"21","author":"Gattrell","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004390","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004390","article-title":"ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document (ACCORD) explanation and elaboration: guidance and examples to support reporting consensus methods","volume":"21","author":"Logullo","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-022-00122-0","article-title":"ACCORD guideline for reporting consensus-based methods in biomedical research and clinical practice: a study protocol","volume":"7","author":"Gattrell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Integr Peer Rev"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2023-112813","article-title":"Enhancing the transparency of clinical practice guidelines by prospective registration: the PREPARE platform","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Evid Based Med"},{"key":"ref26","year":""},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4086","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4086","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation","volume":"354","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.17816\/KMJ624116","article-title":"A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: the RIGHT statement","volume":"104","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kazan Med J"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08975-3","article-title":"Approaches to clinical guideline development in healthcare: a scoping review and document analysis","volume":"23","author":"De Leo","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3656","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3656","article-title":"Standards for the development and methodology of the 2023 IWGDF guidelines","volume":"40","author":"Bus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021","article-title":"PRESS peer review of electronic search strategies: 2015 guideline statement","volume":"75","author":"McGowan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01542-z","article-title":"PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA statement for reporting literature searches in systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Rethlefsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j4008","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008","article-title":"AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both","volume":"358","author":"Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","article-title":"QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"155","author":"Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12258","article-title":"Critical appraisal tools and reporting guidelines for evidence-based practice","volume":"14","author":"Buccheri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Worldviews Evid-Based Nurs"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.001","article-title":"AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care","volume":"63","author":"Brouwers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420","article-title":"Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability","volume":"86","author":"Shrout","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence\u2014study limitations (risk of bias)","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.02.003","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 15. Going from evidence to recommendation\u2014determinants of a recommendation\u2019s direction and strength","volume":"66","author":"Andrews","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.06.004","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 9. Rating up the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.032","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 16. GRADE evidence to decision frameworks for tests in clinical practice and public health","volume":"76","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.12.021","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 21 part 2. Test accuracy: inconsistency, imprecision, publication bias, and other domains for rating the certainty of evidence and presenting it in evidence profiles and summary of findings tables","volume":"122","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-017-0689-2","article-title":"Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings\u2014paper 2: how to make an overall CERQual assessment of confidence and create a summary of qualitative findings table","volume":"13","author":"Lewin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-017-0688-3","article-title":"Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings: introduction to the series","volume":"13","author":"Lewin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.10.014","article-title":"GRADE guidelines 26: informative statements to communicate the findings of systematic reviews of interventions","volume":"119","author":"Santesso","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.07.006","article-title":"Guideline panels should seldom make good practice statements: guidance from the GRADE working group","volume":"80","author":"Guyatt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.12.002","article-title":"Defining consensus: a systematic review recommends methodologic criteria for reporting of Delphi studies","volume":"67","author":"Diamond","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2012.04.013","article-title":"Consensus measurement in Delphi studies: review and implications for future quality assurance","volume":"79","author":"Von Der Gracht","year":"2012","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e084509","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2025-084509","article-title":"Proposal for a critical appraisal tool for studies using the Delphi method (DCAT)","volume":"391","author":"Grant","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02537.x","article-title":"The Delphi technique: myths and realities","volume":"41","author":"Powell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.12.010","article-title":"Higher number of items associated with significantly lower response rates in COS Delphi surveys","volume":"108","author":"Gargon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2010.12.009","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging for the detection, localisation, and characterisation of prostate cancer: recommendations from a European consensus meeting","volume":"59","author":"Dickinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"ref60","year":""},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103896","article-title":"A systematic review of audience response systems for teaching and learning in higher education: the student experience","volume":"153","author":"Wood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"key":"ref62","year":""},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.03.013","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 14. Going from evidence to recommendations: the significance and presentation of recommendations","volume":"66","author":"Andrews","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1885","article-title":"Guidelines international network: principles for disclosure of interests and management of conflicts in guidelines","volume":"163","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2025.03.038","article-title":"Guidelines for designing and conducting Delphi consensus studies: an expert consensus Delphi study","volume":"41","author":"Hohmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref66","author":"Hu","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.16840\/j.issn1673-4297.2019.06.01","article-title":"Guideline for TCM pediatrics clinical diagnosis and treatment-tic disorder (amendment)","volume":"15","author":"Rong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr TCM"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.7501\/j.issn.1674-6376.2015.06.002","article-title":"Guideline on evaluation of Chinese medical research for treatment of tic disorders in children","volume":"38","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Eval Res"},{"key":"ref69","volume-title":"National \u201814th Five-Year Plan\u2019 Textbook for Higher Education in Traditional Chinese Medicine: Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine","author":"Zhao","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0135162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135162.","article-title":"Evaluation of nine consensus indices in Delphi foresight research and their dependency on Delphi survey characteristics: a simulation study and debate on Delphi design and interpretation","volume":"10","author":"Birko","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1891900\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T04:22:55Z","timestamp":1787286175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1891900\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2026.1891900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1891900","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"article-number":"1891900"}}