{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:50:26Z","timestamp":1791521426862,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the correlations between cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and nocturnal video-polysomnography (vPSG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters, evaluating their independent clinical value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed 84 PD patients divided into normal cognition (PD-NC,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f27), mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f27), and dementia (PDD,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f30) groups. Clinical scales, overnight vPSG, and electrocardiogram parameters were recorded. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate independent factors associated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As cognitive impairment progressed, REM sleep latency significantly shortened (128.82\u202f\u00b1\u202f117.32\u202fmin in PDD vs. 200.54\u202f\u00b1\u202f90.26\u202fmin in PD-NC,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.006). Concurrently, mean nocturnal heart rate (65.80\u202f\u00b1\u202f10.80\u202fbpm) and minimum heart rate (50.77\u202f\u00b1\u202f12.51\u202fbpm) were significantly higher in the PDD group than in the other two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01). Multivariable linear regression revealed that, after adjusting for age, education, and UPDRS III score, mean nocturnal heart rate remained independently and negatively associated with MoCA scores (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.158,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22120.264,\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f\u22123.018,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.003), while REM sleep latency was independently and positively associated with MoCA scores (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.010,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.192,\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f2.224,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.029). Collinearity diagnostics showed no significant multicollinearity (\n                      <jats:italic>VIF<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 1.029\u20131.261).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher mean nocturnal heart rate and shorter REM sleep latency were independently associated with lower global cognitive performance in PD patients. Both measures can be obtained from routine overnight PSG, although their physiological significance remains uncertain. The cross-sectional design and the absence of direct autonomic or cholinergic measurements preclude causal or mechanistic conclusions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1913495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:26:10Z","timestamp":1791519970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polysomnographic and nocturnal heart rate correlates of cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhang","family":"Linwei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lv","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Xiangfei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20527","article-title":"A systematic review of prevalence studies of dementia in Parkinson's disease","volume":"20","author":"Aarsland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.3.387","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of dementia in Parkinson disease: an 8-year prospective study","volume":"60","author":"Aarsland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4675","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291722001581","article-title":"Patterns of polysomnography parameters in 27 neuropsychiatric diseases: an umbrella review","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2020.101281","article-title":"Sleep in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of polysomnographic findings","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05622-3","article-title":"Polysomnographic correlates of sleep disturbances in de novo, drug-na\u00efve Parkinson's disease","volume":"43","author":"Orso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12819","article-title":"Global cognitive performance is associated with sleep efficiency measured by polysomnography in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"73","author":"Sobreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.06.020","article-title":"Polysomnographic predictors of sleep, motor and cognitive dysfunction progression in Parkinson's disease: a longitudinal study","volume":"77","author":"Bugalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.07.031","article-title":"Sleep apnea syndrome and subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease","volume":"86","author":"Bargiotas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28412","article-title":"Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive and motor functions in Parkinson's disease","volume":"36","author":"Elfil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww018","article-title":"Electroencephalographic prodromal markers of dementia across conscious states in Parkinson's disease","volume":"139","author":"Latreille","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858421990000","article-title":"Heart matters: cardiac dysfunction and other autonomic changes in Parkinson's disease","volume":"28","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28234","article-title":"Heart rate variability and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease","volume":"35","author":"Terroba-Chambi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A429","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae067.01002","article-title":"1002 heart rate variability during sleep and future risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease in community-dwelling older men","volume":"47","author":"Milton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease","volume":"30","author":"Postuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21507","article-title":"Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease","volume":"22","author":"Emre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24893","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: Movement Disorder Society task force guidelines","volume":"27","author":"Litvan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21844","article-title":"Diagnostic procedures for Parkinson's disease dementia: recommendations from the Movement Disorder Society task force","volume":"22","author":"Dubois","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease in China (2020 edition)","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"10","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines for Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia, second edition","volume":"54","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shen Jing Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314903","article-title":"Reduced rapid eye movement sleep latency in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"236","author":"Kosti\u0107","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.577874","article-title":"Association between REM sleep behavior disorder and cognitive dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"11","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-022-02872-2","article-title":"Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability is useful as a screening tool for detecting sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease","volume":"22","author":"Miyagi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.08.010","article-title":"Cognitive reserve in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Hindle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1913495\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:26:11Z","timestamp":1791519971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1913495\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2026.1913495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1913495","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"article-number":"1913495"}}