{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:07:47Z","timestamp":1789106867297,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of training transfer among neurosurgical specialty nurses, and to provide empirical evidence for nursing educators, clinical managers, and training designers to develop optimization strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Purposive sampling recruited 32 participants (15 specialty nurses, 11 instructors, and 6 training managers) from 16 Chinese institutions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using framework analysis. This study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two overarching themes and eight subthemes were identified. Theme 1 described the practical manifestations of training transfer among neurosurgical specialty nurses, including effective transfer of basic perioperative care competencies, adaptive application of advanced competencies, and extension of training outcomes from individual care to specialty development. Theme 2 identified facilitators and barriers influencing training transfer, including individual motivation and professional identity, contextualized teaching, organizational empowerment, resource mismatch, and sustainability challenges after training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Training transfer among neurosurgical specialty nurses represents an adaptive reconstruction process shaped by individual readiness, educational design, organizational support, and specialty-specific clinical contexts. Effective transfer requires not only high-quality training but also appropriate role positioning, resource alignment, and sustained post-training support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1915268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:31:50Z","timestamp":1789104710000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring training transfer in neurosurgical specialty nurse education: a qualitative descriptive study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shuang","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Research Institute, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiying","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiling","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/NUR.0000000000000884","article-title":"Implementing the clinical nurse specialist role in hospital settings: a scoping review","volume":"39","author":"Bachiller-Barqu\u00edn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Nurse Spec"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55901","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.55901","article-title":"Using virtual reality for perioperative nursing education in complex neurosurgical surgeries: a feasibility and acceptance study","volume":"16","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"State of the World's Nursing 2025: Investing in Education, Jobs, Leadership and Service Delivery","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.1988.tb00632.x","article-title":"Transfer of training: a review and directions for future research","volume":"41","author":"Baldwin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pers Psychol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70034","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.70034","article-title":"Barriers and enablers to leadership in advanced practice nursing: a systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Fosah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5248","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16105","article-title":"A systematic integrative review of specialized nurses' role to establish a culture of patient safety: a modelling perspective","volume":"81","author":"Glarcher","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2024.106270","article-title":"The effect of simulation-based learning on nursing students' clinical decision-making skills: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"140","author":"G\u00f6r\u00fcc\u00fc","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1672-1756.2024.04.003","article-title":"Current situation and influencing factors of training transfer among health management specialist nurses","volume":"24","author":"Guan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Nurs Manag"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0b013e31829dba48","article-title":"Establishing the position of neurosurgery nurse coordinator as a catalyst for advancing quality of care in a tertiary hospital in Israel","volume":"45","author":"Savion","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2024.06.005","article-title":"A longitudinal assessment of factors affecting training transfer among new clinical nurse specialists","volume":"11","author":"Hanum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnmr.ijnmr_297_21","article-title":"Identifying structure, process and outcome factors of the clinical specialist nurse: a scoping review study","volume":"28","author":"Hashemi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15594","article-title":"Clinical nurse specialist role implementation structures, processes and outcomes: participatory action research","volume":"30","author":"Jokiniemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-021-02911-5","article-title":"Transfer of training from an internal medicine boot camp to the workplace: enhancing and hindering factors","volume":"21","author":"Kerins","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2020.104652","article-title":"Factors that optimise the impact of continuing professional development in nursing: a rapid evidence review","volume":"98","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-01843-x","article-title":"Exploring advanced clinical practitioner perspectives on training, role identity and competence: a qualitative study","volume":"23","author":"Kuczawski","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12030379","article-title":"The commitment to excellence: understanding nurses' perspectives on continuous professional development","volume":"12","author":"Kurtovi\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2024.104180","article-title":"Enhancing training transfer among stroke specialist nurses: insights from latent profile analysis","volume":"81","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Pract"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-023-00803-x","article-title":"Evidence for continuing professional development standards for regulated health practitioners in Australia: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Main","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-021-00579-2","article-title":"Lifelong learning and nurses' continuing professional development, a metasynthesis of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Mlambo","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000004360","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after neurosurgery: a narrative review comparing clinical outcomes, protocols, and challenges with standard postoperative care","volume":"88","author":"Patel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci14010052","article-title":"Transfer of learning of new nursing professionals: exploring patterns and the effect of previous work experience","volume":"14","author":"Roig-Ester","year":"2024","journal-title":"Educ Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-023-02834-0","article-title":"Virtual reality environments to train soft skills in medical and nursing education: a technical feasibility study between France and Japan","volume":"18","author":"Le Duff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05552-6","article-title":"Continue nursing education: an action research study on the implementation of a nursing training program using the Holton learning transfer system inventory","volume":"24","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3046","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16507","article-title":"Professional empowerment and evidence-based nursing: a mixed-method systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Teixeira","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-07423-0","article-title":"Rehabilitation nursing for brain tumor patients: a scoping review","volume":"25","author":"Tokunaga","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2020.102963","article-title":"Nurses' continuing professional development: a systematic literature review","volume":"50","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Calatayud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Pract"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3870\/j.issn.1001-4152.2023.18.072","article-title":"The development process and influencing factors of training transfer among specialized nurses: a qualitative research","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70079","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.70079","article-title":"Leadership roles, care models, and effectiveness of advanced practice nurse-led multidisciplinary teams: a scoping review","volume":"72","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1915268\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:31:52Z","timestamp":1789104712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1915268\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2026.1915268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1915268","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"article-number":"1915268"}}