{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:11:37Z","timestamp":1788873097466,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic functional vestibular disorder characterized by persistent non-spinning dizziness, subjective unsteadiness, and symptom exacerbation induced by upright posture, movement, and complex visual motion. Abnormal vestibular sensory reweighting, increased visual dependence, postural hypervigilance, and comorbid anxiety are considered to contribute to the persistence of symptoms. Neurotransmitter systems, including serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, histamine, acetylcholine and neuropeptides, may participate in the disease-related neural network imbalance by modulating vestibular signal processing, emotional responses, and central compensation. However, direct evidence for PPPD-specific neurotransmitter abnormalities remains limited. In treatment, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin\u2013norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are commonly employed in clinical practice, yet evidence from placebo-controlled randomized trials remains insufficient. Vestibular and balance rehabilitation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation may be incorporated into comprehensive management; however, the level of evidence and long-term efficacy differ across interventions. Future studies should integrate clinical phenotypes, comorbidities, and neural network features to develop stratified diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, while also strengthening neurotransmitter-related imaging, biomarker discovery, and multicenter randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1921702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:56:36Z","timestamp":1788872196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurotransmitter regulatory networks in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness: potential mechanisms and therapeutic implications"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Medicine College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Dizziness and Balance Disorders, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Dizziness and Balance Disorders, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Jilin Provincial Neuropsychiatric Hospital","place":["Siping, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Dizziness and Balance Disorders, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-170622","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): consensus document of the committee for the classification of vestibular disorders of the B\u00e1r\u00e1ny Society","volume":"27","author":"Staab","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2016.1211763","article-title":"Analysis of the characteristics of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness: a clinical-based study in China","volume":"56","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4274","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10184274","article-title":"Brain correlates of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness: a review of 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