{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:01:16Z","timestamp":1790146876676,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The degenerative pathology in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), multisystem atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) have different spatial distribution in the brainstem. Our aim was find out in what way this pathology affects brainstem vestibular reflex pathways in each of these diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied 30 patients: 15 with PD, 9 with PSP (Richardson syndrome) and 6 with MSA (cerebellar) and compared their results with results from 37 age-matched healthy controls (HC). Motor functions of the patient groups were evaluated with the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scale. We evaluated the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) with the video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) and the vestibulo-collic reflex with the cervical Vestibular Evoked Mygenic Potential (cVEMP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that PD group have reduced VOR gain in posterior and lateral SCCs and reduced cVEMP amplitude. MSA group have reduced VOR gain in posterior SCCs and reduced cVEMP amplitude while PSP group have normal VOR gain in all SCCs and normal cVEMP amplitude.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We show that brainstem vestibular reflex pathways impaired in PD and in MSA but not in PSP by obtaining reduced VOR gain and cVEMP amplitudes. We suggest these findings are due to the presence of synuclein pathology in the lower brainstem and in vestibular nucleus in these diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1927218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:16:33Z","timestamp":1790144193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vestibular function in degenerative parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"\u00d6z\u00e7elik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University","place":["\u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koray","family":"Ko\u00e7o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University","place":["\u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatice","family":"Eraslan Boz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University","place":["\u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00fcge","family":"Akkoyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University","place":["\u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beril","family":"D\u00f6nmez \u00c7olako\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University","place":["\u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raif","family":"\u00c7akmur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University","place":["\u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabor Michael","family":"Halmagyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulden","family":"Akdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University","place":["\u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University","place":["\u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1585097","article-title":"Parkinsonism","volume":"36","author":"Keener","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09382-1","article-title":"Gait and postural disorders in parkinsonism: a clinical approach","volume":"267","author":"Raccagni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"III\/1\u2013III\/5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-002-1301-4","article-title":"Staging of the intracerebral inclusion body pathology associated with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (preclinical and clinical stages)","author":"Braak","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20537","article-title":"Grading of neuropathology in multiple system atrophy: proposal for a novel scale","volume":"20","author":"Jellinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Movement Disord"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2019.10.013","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"149","author":"Giagkou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02158-2","article-title":"Distribution patterns of tau pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"140","author":"Kovacs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15011","DOI":"10.1038\/npjparkd.2015.11","article-title":"Why do patients with Parkinson's disease fall? 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