{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:45:41Z","timestamp":1790635541839,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]],"date-time":"2017-10-31T04:55:34Z","timestamp":1509425734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Resting Heart Rate Variability, Facets of Rumination and Trait Anxiety: Implications for the Perseverative Cognition Hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"DeWayne P.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Feeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LaBarron K.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek P.","family":"Spangler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian F.","family":"Thayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089504","article-title":"Neural systems underlying the suppression of unwanted memories","volume":"303","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.10.3.229","article-title":"Heart rate variability as an index of regulated emotional responding","volume":"10","author":"Appelhans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Gen. Psychol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-4-25","article-title":"Serial pathways from primate prefrontal cortex to autonomic areas may influence emotional expression","volume":"4","author":"Barbas","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.02.002","article-title":"Conscious and unconscious perseverative cognition: is a large part of prolonged physiological activity due to unconscious stress?","volume":"69","author":"Brosschot","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410709336568","article-title":"Subtypes of rumination in adolescence: associations between brooding, reflection, depressive symptoms, and coping","volume":"36","author":"Burwell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000221378.09239.6a","article-title":"Age and ethnicity differences in short-term heart-rate variability","volume":"68","author":"Choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.10.4.470","article-title":"Neural correlates of rumination in depression","volume":"10","author":"Cooney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/026999398379646","article-title":"Reciprocal suppression of regional cerebral blood flow during emotional versus higher cognitive processes: implications for interactions between emotion and cognition","volume":"12","author":"Drevets","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"PROCESS: a versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling\n            HayesA. F.\n          2012"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000133","article-title":"Ethnic differences in resting heart rate variability: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Hill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.5.4.464","article-title":"The worried mind: autonomic and prefrontal activation during worrying","volume":"5","author":"Hofmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0117196","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117196","article-title":"Investigating the associations of self-rated health: heart rate variability is more strongly associated than inflammatory and other frequently used biomarkers in a cross sectional occupational sample","volume":"10","author":"Jarczok","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsp022","article-title":"Medial cortex activity, self-reflection and depression","volume":"4","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-014-0022-6","article-title":"Body mass index is related to autonomic nervous system activity as measured by heart rate variability\u2014a replication using short term measurements","volume":"18","author":"Koenig","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.03.007","article-title":"Sex differences in healthy human heart rate variability: a meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Koenig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2009.03.002","article-title":"A longitudinal study in youth of heart rate variability at rest and in response to stress","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.77.5.1041","article-title":"Why ruminators are poor problem solvers: clues from the phenomenology of dysphoric rumination","volume":"77","author":"Lyubomirsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr3901_4","article-title":"Confidence limits for the indirect effect: distribution of the product and resampling methods","volume":"39","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav. Res."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.10.013","article-title":"Alterations in amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity account for excessive worry and autonomic dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"80","author":"Makovac","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031994","article-title":"Rumination as a mechanism linking stressful life events to symptoms of depression and anxiety: longitudinal evidence in early adolescents and adults","volume":"122","author":"Michl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0021-843x.109.3.504","article-title":"The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety\/depressive symptoms","volume":"109","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x","article-title":"Rethinking rumination","volume":"3","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2008.00566.x","article-title":"Cognitive emotion regulation: insights from social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":"17","author":"Ochsner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06751.x","article-title":"Functional imaging studies of emotion regulation: a synthetic review and evolving model of the cognitive control of emotion","volume":"1251","author":"Ochsner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.06.009","article-title":"Neurobiological substrates of cognitive rigidity and autonomic inflexibility in generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"119","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/00273170701341316","article-title":"Assessing moderated mediation hypotheses: theory, methods, and prescriptions","volume":"42","author":"Preacher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav. Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20447","article-title":"On the mediating role of subtypes of rumination in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and depressed mood: brooding versus reflection","volume":"25","author":"Raes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2006.02.022","article-title":"Involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex in central cardiovascular modulation in the rat","volume":"126","author":"Resstel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1314.032","article-title":"Neural circuits underlying emotional distress in humans","volume":"1032","author":"Sinha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B35","volume-title":"Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.","author":"Spielberger","year":"1983"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.07.007","article-title":"Perseverate or decenter? Differential effects of metacognition on the relationship between parasympathetic inflexibility and symptoms of depression in a multi-wave study","volume":"97","author":"Stange","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.07.024","article-title":"Kubios HRV\u2013heart rate variability analysis software","volume":"113","author":"Tarvainen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.93.5.1043","article-title":"Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. task force of the european society of cardiology and the north american society of pacing and electrophysiology","volume":"93","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","article-title":"A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health","volume":"36","author":"Thayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0327(00)00338-4","article-title":"A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation","volume":"61","author":"Thayer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440290025867","article-title":"Perseverative thinking and health: neurovisceral concomitants","volume":"17","author":"Thayer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Health"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.08.004","article-title":"Claude Bernard and the heart-brain connection: further elaboration of a model of neurovisceral integration","volume":"33","author":"Thayer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/memb.2002.1032638","article-title":"Estimating respiratory frequency from autoregressive spectral analysis of heart period","volume":"21","author":"Thayer","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1366.014","article-title":"Beyond heart rate variability: vagal regulation of allostatic systems","volume":"1088","author":"Thayer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.09.543","article-title":"The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors","volume":"141","author":"Thayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(02)01396-3","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow during anticipation of public speaking in social phobia: a PET study","volume":"52","author":"Tillfors","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561","article-title":"Rumination reconsidered: a psychometric analysis","volume":"27","author":"Treynor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cogn. Ther. Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.009110","article-title":"When worries make you sick: a review of perseverative cognition, the default stress response and somatic health","volume":"1","author":"Verkuil","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2009.10.015","article-title":"Spontaneous emotion regulation to positive and negative stimuli","volume":"73","author":"Volokhov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10804-010-9114-7","article-title":"Emotion regulation and stress","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Adult Dev."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1341-x","article-title":"Low vagal tone is associated with impaired post stress recovery of cardiovascular, endocrine and immune markers","volume":"109","author":"Weber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00261","article-title":"Resting heart rate variability predicts self-reported difficulties in emotion regulation: a focus on different facets of emotion regulation","volume":"6","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12739","article-title":"Resting cardiac vagal tone predicts intraindividual reaction time variability during an attention task in a sample of young and healthy adults","volume":"53","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00520\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]],"date-time":"2017-10-31T04:55:34Z","timestamp":1509425734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00520\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00520","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]]},"article-number":"520"}}