{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:27:39Z","timestamp":1790789259443,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T23:32:26Z","timestamp":1549495946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Gender Identification of Human Cortical 3-D Morphology Using Hierarchical Sparsity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenping","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dewen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-04-00933.1991","article-title":"Sex differences in the corpus callosum of the living human being","volume":"11","author":"Allen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24462","article-title":"Machine learning of brain gray matter differentiates sex in a large forensic sample","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00226-X","article-title":"Automated detection of focal cortical dysplasia lesions using computational models of their MRI characteristics and texture analysis","volume":"19","author":"Antel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00304-1","article-title":"Computer-assisted imaging to assess brain structure in healthy and diseased brains","volume":"2","author":"Ashburner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.208264","article-title":"Longitudinal change in regional brain volumes in prodromal huntington disease","volume":"82","author":"Aylward","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115455","article-title":"Sex differences in the brain: implications for explaining autism","volume":"310","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"255","article-title":"Temporal lobe morphology in normal aging and traumatic brain injury","volume":"23","author":"Bigler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(96)00049-8","article-title":"Sex differences in the human corpus callosum: myth or reality?","volume":"21","author":"Bishop","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.09.017","article-title":"The evolution of distributed association networks in the human brain","volume":"17","author":"Buckner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1523888113","article-title":"Patterns in the human brain mosaic discriminate males from females","volume":"113","author":"Chekroud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00275","article-title":"Females are more sensitive to opponent's emotional feedback: evidence from event-related potentials","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.09.001","article-title":"Empathy: gender effects in brain and behavior","volume":"46","author":"Christov-Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171200089X","article-title":"Gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Eranti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.018","article-title":"The Human Connectome Project: a data acquisition perspective","volume":"62","author":"Essen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.12.068","article-title":"Decoding gender dimorphism of the human brain using multimodal anatomical and diffusion MRI data","volume":"70","author":"Feis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15223","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3252-09.2009","article-title":"One-year brain atrophy evident in healthy aging","volume":"29","author":"Fjell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2042-6410-3-19","article-title":"Review: magnetic resonance imaging of male\/female differences in human adolescent brain anatomy","volume":"3","author":"Giedd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1177\/147470490900700209","article-title":"On the real magnitude of psychological sex differences","volume":"7","author":"Giudice","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evol. Psychol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127","article-title":"The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project","volume":"80","author":"Glasser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/11.6.490","article-title":"Normal sexual dimorphism of the adult human brain assessed by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"11","author":"Goldstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15684","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2308-09.2009","article-title":"Age- and gender-related differences in the cortical anatomical network","volume":"29","author":"Gong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4065","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-10-04065.1999","article-title":"Sex differences in brain gray and white matter in healthy young adults: correlations with cognitive performance","volume":"19","author":"Gur","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.035","article-title":"Sex differences in brain and behavior in adolescence: findings from the philadelphia neurodevelopmental cohort","volume":"70","author":"Gur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.11.042","article-title":"Gender difference analysis of cortical thickness in healthy young adults with surface-based methods","volume":"31","author":"Im","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1316909110","article-title":"Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain","volume":"111","author":"Ingalhalikar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15468","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1509654112","article-title":"Sex beyond the genitalia: the human brain mosaic","volume":"112","author":"Joel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn129","article-title":"Cortical changes in cerebral small vessel diseases: a 3D MRI study of cortical morphology in CADASIL","volume":"131","author":"Jouvent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.04.013","article-title":"Gender-specific strategy use and neural correlates in a spatial perspective taking task","volume":"46","author":"Kaiser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.10.003","article-title":"Sex\/gender differences and autism: setting the scene for future research","volume":"54","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01067-8","article-title":"Longitudinal study of brain morphology in first episode schizophrenia","volume":"49","author":"Lieberman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5689-3","volume-title":"Feature Selection for Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","author":"Liu","year":"1998"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.10.011","article-title":"Segmentation of multiple sclerosis lesions in brain MRI: a review of automated approaches","volume":"186","author":"Llad\u00f3","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.020","article-title":"Gender consistency and difference in healthy adults revealed by cortical thickness","volume":"53","author":"Lv","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.04.037","article-title":"Classification of multi-site MR images in the presence of heterogeneity using multi-task learning","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.09.027","article-title":"In vivo magnetic resonance images reveal neuroanatomical sex differences through the application of voxel-based morphometry in c57bl\/6 mice","volume":"163","author":"Meyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B36","first-page":"1813","article-title":"Efficient and robust feature selection via joint l2,1-norms minimization","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"Nie","year":"2010"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00607","article-title":"Sex differences in chemosensation: sensory or emotional?","volume":"7","author":"Ohla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.6.486","article-title":"Gender differences in depression: critical review","volume":"177","author":"Piccinelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNC.2009.542","article-title":"A deeper look at gender difference in multitasking: gender-specific mechanism of cognitive control","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2009 Fifth International Conference on Natural Computation","author":"Ren","year":"2009"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.5.464","article-title":"One-year age changes in MRI brain volumes in older adults","volume":"10","author":"Resnick","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00650","article-title":"Recommendations for sex\/gender neuroimaging research: key principles and implications for research design, analysis, and interpretation","volume":"8","author":"Rippon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy109","article-title":"Sex differences in the adult human brain: evidence from 5216 UK biobank participants","volume":"28","author":"Ritchie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1523961113","article-title":"Multivariate revisit to \u201csex beyond the genitalia\u201d","volume":"113","author":"Rosenblatt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.12.004","article-title":"A meta-analysis of sex differences in human brain structure","volume":"39","author":"Ruigrok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2293021299","article-title":"Regional brain atrophy rate predicts future cognitive decline: 6-year longitudinal MR imaging study of normal aging","volume":"229","author":"Rusinek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2012.693999","article-title":"Gender differences in brain activation on a mental rotation task","volume":"122","author":"Semrud-Clikeman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.065","article-title":"Neuroanatomical morphometric characterization of sex differences in youth using statistical learning","volume":"172","author":"Sepehrband","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S1550-8579(07)80003-9","article-title":"Gender differences in Parkinson's disease","volume":"4","author":"Shulman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gender Med."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl066","article-title":"Sex differences in cortical thickness mapped in 176 healthy individuals between 7 and 87 years of age","volume":"17","author":"Sowell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36147","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036147","article-title":"Sparse representation of brain aging: Extracting covariance patterns from structural MRI","volume":"7","author":"Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.07.020","article-title":"Gender differences in partial-volume corrected brain perfusion using brain MRI in healthy children","volume":"58","author":"Taki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00338.2011","article-title":"The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity","volume":"106","author":"Thomas Yeo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.071","article-title":"Mapping cortical change in Alzheimer's disease, brain development, and schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.080","article-title":"Combined structural and resting-state functional MRI analysis of sexual dimorphism in the young adult human brain: An MVPA approach","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.3.799","article-title":"Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. A postmortem morphological study","volume":"112","author":"Witelson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e68910","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068910","article-title":"Brainnet viewer: a network visualization tool for human brain connectomics","volume":"8","author":"Xia","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00551","article-title":"Attractiveness modulates neural processing of infant faces differently in males and females","volume":"11","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1109\/tcbb.2015.2448081","article-title":"Gender identification of human brain image with a novel 3D descriptor","volume":"15","author":"Yuan","year":"","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49925","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2868813","article-title":"Multi-center brain imaging classification using a novel 3D CNN approach","volume":"6","author":"Yuan","year":"","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.03.017","article-title":"Multi-site diagnostic classification of schizophrenia using discriminant deep learning with functional connectivity MRI","volume":"30","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23950","article-title":"Functional connectivity predicts gender: evidence for gender differences in resting brain connectivity","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00219","type":"corrigendum","label":"Corrigendum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561680000000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00029\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T10:43:08Z","timestamp":1561718588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00029\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00029","relation":{"corrigendum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00219","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1662-5161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"article-number":"29"}}