{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:26:29Z","timestamp":1791084389926,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":212,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Opioid use disorder (OUD) rarely presents as a unitary psychiatric condition, and the comorbid symptoms likely depend upon the diverse risk factors and mechanisms by which OUD can arise. These factors are heterogeneous and include genetic predisposition, exposure to prescription opioids, and environmental risks. Crucially, one key environmental risk factor for OUD is early life adversity (ELA). OUD and other substance use disorders are widely considered to derive in part from abnormal reward circuit function, which is likely also implicated in comorbid mental illnesses such as depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. ELA may disrupt reward circuit development and function in a manner predisposing to these disorders. Here, we describe new findings addressing the effects of ELA on reward circuitry that lead to OUD and comorbid disorders, potentially\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    shared neural mechanisms. We discuss some of these OUD-related problems in both humans and animals. We also highlight the increasingly apparent, crucial contribution of biological sex in mediating the range of ELA-induced disruptions of reward circuitry which may confer risk for the development of OUD and comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.601905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T23:26:34Z","timestamp":1612999594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Developmental Origins of Opioid Use Disorder and Its Comorbidities"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sophia C.","family":"Levis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen V.","family":"Mahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tallie Z.","family":"Baram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.08.011","article-title":"Effects of swimming exercise on morphine-induced reward and behavioral sensitization in maternally-separated rat pups in the conditioned place preference procedure","volume":"631","author":"Abad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5387.298","article-title":"Transition from moderate to excessive drug intake: change in hedonic set point","volume":"282","author":"Ahmed","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Stress in America: Generation Z. Stress in America","year":"2018"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-198","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and prescription drug use in a cohort study of adult HMO patients","volume":"8","author":"Anda","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0624-4","article-title":"The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology","volume":"256","author":"Anda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579415000103","article-title":"Exposure to early adversity: points of cross-species translation that can lead to improved understanding of depression","volume":"27","author":"Andersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2018.100140","article-title":"Stress, sensitive periods, and substance abuse","volume":"10","author":"Andersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290070025006","article-title":"Negative v positive schizophrenia: definition and validation","volume":"39","author":"Andreasen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.05.028","article-title":"Early life programming and neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"68","author":"Bale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11091347","article-title":"Fragmentation and unpredictability of early-life experience in mental disorders","volume":"169","author":"Baram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.02.004","article-title":"Synthesizing views to understand sex differences in response to early life adversity","volume":"43","author":"Bath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.10.028","article-title":"Anhedonia in the age of RDoC","volume":"160","author":"Bedwell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0914-0","article-title":"From adversity to psychosis: pathways and mechanisms from specific adversities to specific symptoms","volume":"49","author":"Bentall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2899-2","article-title":"The behavioral economics of drug self-administration: a review and new analytical approach for within-session procedures","volume":"226","author":"Bentzley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153724","article-title":"The behavioral economics of substance use disorders: reinforcement pathologies and their repair","volume":"10","author":"Bickel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.12.018","article-title":"Plasticity of the reward circuitry after early-life adversity: mechanisms and significance","volume":"87","author":"Birnie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843x.110.3.363","article-title":"Diagnostic differences in social anhedonia: a longitudinal study of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder","volume":"110","author":"Blanchard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104185","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104185","article-title":"Impact of early life adversity on reward processing in young adults: EEG-fMRI results from a prospective study over 25 years","volume":"9","author":"Boecker","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.08.023","article-title":"Anhedonia following early-life adversity involves aberrant interaction of reward and anxiety circuits and is reversed by partial silencing of amygdala corticotropin-releasing hormone gene","volume":"83","author":"Bolton","year":"","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2018.01.002","article-title":"Early-life adversity facilitates acquisition of cocaine self-administration and induces persistent anhedonia","volume":"8","author":"Bolton","year":"","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.09.003","article-title":"Effects of early life stress on biochemical indicators of the dopaminergic system: a 3 level meta-analysis of rodent studies","volume":"95","author":"Bonapersona","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.04.021","article-title":"The behavioral phenotype of early life adversity: a 3-level meta-analysis of rodent studies","volume":"102","author":"Bonapersona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B23","first-page":"6","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomical correlates of traumatic stress revisited 7 years later, this time with data","volume":"37","author":"Bremner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2019.100768","article-title":"Bundling the haystack to find the needle: challenges and opportunities in modeling risk and resilience following early life stress","volume":"54","author":"Brenhouse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci3010143","article-title":"Early life adversity alters the developmental profiles of addiction-related prefrontal cortex circuitry","volume":"3","author":"Brenhouse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14866","article-title":"Substance use disorders and risk for treatment resistant depression: a population-based, nested case-control study","volume":"115","author":"Brenner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830130077015","article-title":"Psychiatric and substance use comorbidity among treatment-seeking opioid abusers","volume":"54","author":"Brooner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.204","article-title":"The neuro-environmental loop of plasticity: a cross-species analysis of parental effects on emotion circuitry development following typical and adverse caregiving","volume":"41","author":"Callaghan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(84)90166-5","article-title":"Sex differences in the effects of early experience on the development of behavioral and brain asymmetries in rats","volume":"33","author":"Camp","year":"1984","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-017-0378-9","article-title":"Eating disorders and food addiction in men with heroin use disorder: a controlled study","volume":"22","author":"Canan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eat. Weight Disord."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2016.00149","article-title":"Associations between polygenic risk for psychiatric disorders and substance involvement","volume":"7","author":"Carey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.040","article-title":"Early life stress alters opioid receptor mRNA levels within the nucleus accumbens in a sex-dependent manner","volume":"1710","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.12.013","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood","volume":"82","author":"Chapman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.181","article-title":"Toward understanding how early-life stress reprograms cognitive and emotional brain networks","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.03.008","article-title":"The impact of maternal separation on the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing midbrain neurons during different stages of ontogenesis","volume":"182","author":"Chocyk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.10.004","article-title":"Brief maternal separation affects brain \u03b11-adrenoceptors and apoptotic signaling in adult mice","volume":"48","author":"Coccurello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v67n0211","article-title":"Lifetime comorbidity of DSM-IV mood and anxiety disorders and specific drug use disorders: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"67","author":"Conway","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.4.1619","article-title":"Persistent elevations of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor in adult nonhuman primates exposed to early-life stressors: implications for the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"93","author":"Coplan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000525","article-title":"Stress-related anhedonia is associated with ventral striatum reactivity to reward and transdiagnostic psychiatric symptomatology","volume":"45","author":"Corral-Fr\u00edas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.07.014","article-title":"A review of opioid addiction genetics","volume":"27","author":"Crist","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-126","article-title":"Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC","volume":"11","author":"Cuthbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1267","article-title":"Early life stress: nature and nurture","volume":"155","author":"Dallman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11696","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1934666100","article-title":"Chronic stress and obesity: a new view of \u201ccomfort food\u201d","volume":"100","author":"Dallman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2004.11.004","article-title":"Chronic stress and comfort foods: self-medication and abdominal obesity","volume":"19","author":"Dallman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2016.1168212","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder and opioid use disorder: a narrative review of conceptual models","volume":"35","author":"Danovitch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Addict. Dis."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.06.008","article-title":"The three-hit concept of vulnerability and resilience: toward understanding adaptation to early-life adversity outcome","volume":"38","author":"Daskalakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.06.014","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic responses to early adversity: implications for affective problems and autism spectrum disorder","volume":"49","author":"Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10390","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703444114","article-title":"Exposure to unpredictable maternal sensory signals influences cognitive development across species","volume":"114","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2002.32356","article-title":"Sensitivity to the rewarding effects of food and exercise in the eating disorders","volume":"43","author":"Davis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2020.104763","article-title":"Type of early life adversity confers differential, sex-dependent effects on early maturational milestones in mice","volume":"124","author":"Demaestri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13011","article-title":"Differential associations of distinct forms of childhood adversity with neurobehavioral measures of reward processing: a developmental pathway to depression","volume":"90","author":"Dennison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.08.002","article-title":"Neonatal maternal separation exacerbates the reward-enhancing effect of acute amphetamine administration and the anhedonic effect of repeated social defeat in adult rats","volume":"170","author":"Der-Avakian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.11.005","article-title":"The neurobiology of anhedonia and other reward-related deficits","volume":"35","author":"Der-Avakian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1037\/h0034906","article-title":"Taste in acceptance of sugars by human infants","volume":"84","author":"Desor","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.06.016","article-title":"Sex-dependent effects of early unstable post-natal environment on response to positive and negative stimuli in adult mice","volume":"413","author":"Di Segni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440x(92)90007-d","article-title":"The role of dopamine in mood disorders","volume":"33","author":"Diehl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.02.019","article-title":"Childhood adversity is associated with left basal ganglia dysfunction during reward anticipation in adulthood","volume":"66","author":"Dillon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21547","article-title":"Phenotypic outcomes in adolescence and adulthood in the scarcity-adversity model of low nesting resources outside the home cage","volume":"59","author":"Doherty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.564","article-title":"Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: the adverse childhood experiences study","volume":"111","author":"Dube","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.06.005","article-title":"Adversity in childhood linked to elevated striatal dopamine function in adulthood","volume":"176","author":"Egerton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"B61","first-page":"39","article-title":"Axis I and II comorbidity and childhood trauma history in chemical dependency","volume":"60","author":"Ellason","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull. Menninger Clin."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-1916-6","article-title":"The role of early life stress as a predictor for alcohol and drug dependence","volume":"214","author":"Enoch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1080\/17523281.2011.598462","article-title":"Childhood trauma among individuals with co-morbid substance use and post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"4","author":"Farrugia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mental Health Subst. Use"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2018.08.001","article-title":"Negative consequences of early-life adversity on substance use as mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor modulation of serotonin activity","volume":"9","author":"Forster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2005.10.011","article-title":"Are nonpharmacological induced rewards related to anhedonia? A study among skydivers","volume":"30","author":"Franken","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15638","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307893110","article-title":"Early developmental emergence of human amygdala-prefrontal connectivity after maternal deprivation","volume":"110","author":"Gee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003000","article-title":"Gender, victimization, and psychiatric outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Gershon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2019.01.002","article-title":"The influence of unpredictable, fragmented parental signals on the developing brain","volume":"53","author":"Glynn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.12.010","article-title":"Reduced nucleus accumbens reactivity and adolescent depression following early-life stress","volume":"249","author":"Goff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852914000674","article-title":"Early-life adversity and adolescent depression: mechanisms involving the ventral striatum","volume":"20","author":"Goff","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2016.10.003","article-title":"Lower neighborhood quality in adolescence predicts higher mesolimbic sensitivity to reward anticipation in adulthood","volume":"22","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0195-5","article-title":"Early life stress leads to sex differences in development of depressive-like outcomes in a mouse model","volume":"44","author":"Goodwill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2008.10.3\/pgorwood","article-title":"Neurobiological mechanisms of anhedonia","volume":"10","author":"Gorwood","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186","article-title":"Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication I: associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders","volume":"67","author":"Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-018-1720-3","article-title":"Reduced resting-state functional connectivity of the basolateral amygdala to the medial prefrontal cortex in preweaning rats exposed to chronic early-life stress","volume":"223","author":"Guadagno","year":"","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.09.025","article-title":"Morphological and functional changes in the preweaning basolateral amygdala induced by early chronic stress associate with anxiety and fear behavior in adult male, but not female rats","volume":"81","author":"Guadagno","year":"","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2007.10.006","article-title":"The impact of postnatal environment on opioid peptides in young and adult male Wistar rats","volume":"42","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.11.003","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and the developing brain","volume":"13","author":"Hackman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01983.x","article-title":"Perplexities and provocations of eating disorders","volume":"50","author":"Halmi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006x.68.5.782","article-title":"Depression and sensitization to stressors among young women as a function of childhood adversity","volume":"68","author":"Hammen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2015.12.002","article-title":"Early caregiving and human biobehavioral development: a comparative physiology approach","volume":"7","author":"Hane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2011.00010","article-title":"Anhedonia and substance dependence: clinical correlates and treatment options","volume":"2","author":"Hatzigiakoumis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-6383(86)90018-4","article-title":"Ontogeny of early event memory: II. Encoding and retrieval by 2- and 3-month-olds","volume":"9","author":"Hayne","year":"1986","journal-title":"Inf. Behav. Dev."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(01)01157-x","article-title":"The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"49","author":"Heim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116493","article-title":"Early life stress and brain function: activity and connectivity associated with processing emotion and reward","volume":"209","author":"Herzberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52651","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52651","article-title":"Altered corticolimbic connectivity reveals sex-specific adolescent outcomes in a rat model of early life adversity","volume":"9","author":"Honeycutt","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21237","article-title":"Early adverse experience increases emotional reactivity in juvenile rhesus macaques: relation to amygdala volume","volume":"56","author":"Howell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-5380-3-21","article-title":"Brain white matter microstructure alterations in adolescent rhesus monkeys exposed to early life stress: associations with high cortisol during infancy","volume":"3","author":"Howell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Mood Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00095-4","article-title":"Effects of institutional rearing and foster care on psychopathology at age 12 years in Romania: follow-up of an open, randomised controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Humphreys","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.09.005","article-title":"Early life adversity potentiates expression of addiction-related traits","volume":"87","author":"Hynes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2010.11.010","article-title":"An animal model of eating disorders associated with stressful experience in early life","volume":"59","author":"Jahng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8591-4_13","article-title":"Neural basis of anhedonia associated with stress-induced eating disorders","volume-title":"Anhedonia: A Comprehensive Handbook Volume I","author":"Jahng","year":"2014"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2011.10.001","article-title":"Hyperphagia and depression-like behavior by adolescence social isolation in female rats","volume":"30","author":"Jahng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000086176","article-title":"Anhedonia and substance-related symptoms in detoxified substance-dependent subjects: a correlation study","volume":"52","author":"Janiri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e201800204","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.201800204","article-title":"Intra-individual methylomics detects the impact of early-life adversity","volume":"2","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci. Alliance"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1126\/science.451612","article-title":"Appetitive learning in 1-day-old rat pups","volume":"205","author":"Johanson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-02-00483.1992","article-title":"Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization of local interneurons","volume":"12","author":"Johnson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(02)00326-3","article-title":"Early neonatal experience of Long-Evans rats results in long-lasting changes in reactivity to a novel environment and morphine-induced sensitization and tolerance","volume":"27","author":"Kalinichev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.04.002","article-title":"Ventral striatal activity links adversity and reward processing in children","volume":"26","author":"Kamkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.01.003","article-title":"From dopamine to salience to psychosis\u2014linking biology, pharmacology and phenomenology of psychosis","volume":"79","author":"Kapur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.21","article-title":"Early-life social isolation stress increases kappa opioid receptor responsiveness and downregulates the dopamine system","volume":"41","author":"Karkhanis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1409","article-title":"Early-life stress and the development of obesity and insulin resistance in juvenile bonnet macaques","volume":"56","author":"Kaufman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.06.034","article-title":"The epidemiology of dual diagnosis","volume":"56","author":"Kessler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291797005588","article-title":"Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US national comorbidity survey","volume":"27","author":"Kessler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499","article-title":"Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"197","author":"Kessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1837-8_7","article-title":"The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: focus on heroin and cocaine dependence","volume-title":"The Cocaine Crisis","author":"Khantzian","year":"1987"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702619855659","article-title":"Anhedonia as a key clinical feature in the maintenance and treatment of opioid use disorder","volume":"7","author":"Kiluk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.12044","article-title":"Beneficial effects of highly palatable food on the behavioral and neural adversities induced by early life stress experience in female rats","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B110","first-page":"139","article-title":"Dopamine, addiction and reward","volume-title":"Seminars in Neuroscience","author":"Koob","year":"1992"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00195-0","article-title":"Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis","volume":"24","author":"Koob","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60390","article-title":"Opiate addiction and cocaine addiction: underlying molecular neurobiology and genetics","volume":"122","author":"Kreek","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2016.11.005","article-title":"Early life adversity: lasting consequences for emotional learning","volume":"6","author":"Krugers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00078","article-title":"Sex-specific and strain-dependent effects of early life adversity on behavioral and epigenetic outcomes","volume":"4","author":"Kundakovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1027\/2151-2604\/a000301","article-title":"Misunderstanding RDoC","volume":"225","author":"Lake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Z. Psychol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559509352359","article-title":"Does physical abuse in early childhood predict substance use in adolescence and early adulthood?","volume":"15","author":"Lansford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2010.24.6.785","article-title":"Impulsivity in borderline personality disorder: reward-based decision-making and its relationship to emotional distress","volume":"24","author":"Lawrence","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pers. Disord."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1159\/000339162","article-title":"Depressive-like behavior in adolescents after maternal separation: sex differences, controllability, and GABA","volume":"34","author":"Leussis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.12.005","article-title":"Early deprivation leads to long-term reductions in motivation for reward and 5-HT1A binding and both effects are reversed by fluoxetine","volume":"56","author":"Leventopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0628-5","article-title":"On the early life origins of vulnerability to opioid addiction","author":"Levis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000593","article-title":"Opioid use and schizophrenia","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1684","article-title":"The development of direction selectivity in ferret visual cortex requires early visual experience","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(96)00065-1","article-title":"Vulnerability to depression: a model centered on anhedonia","volume":"41","author":"Loas","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0205723","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205723","article-title":"Early life adversity diminishes the cortisol response to opioid blockade in women: studies from the family health patterns project","volume":"13","author":"Lovallo","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.08.001","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental optimization after early-life adversity: cross-species studies to elucidate sensitive periods and brain mechanisms to inform early intervention","volume":"43","author":"Luby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.053","article-title":"Early life stress and later peer distress on depressive behavior in adolescent female rats: effects of a novel intervention on GABA and D2 receptors","volume":"330","author":"Lukkes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.00037","article-title":"Behavioral profiling in early adolescence and early adulthood of male wistar rats after short and prolonged maternal separation","volume":"14","author":"Lundberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2639","article-title":"Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behavior and cognition","volume":"10","author":"Lupien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12175","article-title":"The consequences of early-life adversity: neurobiological, behavioral and epigenetic adaptations","volume":"26","author":"Maccari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2013.816841","article-title":"Early life stress is associated with anxiety, increased stress responsivity and preference for \u201ccomfort foods\u201d in adult female rats","volume":"16","author":"Machado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6500","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3875-08.2009","article-title":"Which cue to \u201cwant?\u201d Central amygdala opioid activation enhances and focuses incentive salience on a prepotent reward cue","volume":"29","author":"Mahler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2588-6","article-title":"What and when to \u201cwant\u201d? Amygdala-based focusing of incentive salience upon sugar and sex","volume":"221","author":"Mahler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.01.001","article-title":"Gender differences in trends for heroin use and nonmedical prescription opioid use, 2007\u20132014","volume":"87","author":"Marsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat"},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.4236\/ijcm.2012.37125","article-title":"Anhedonia and reward system: psychobiology, evaluation, and clinical features","volume":"3","author":"Martinotti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246414","article-title":"Retarded acquisition and reduced expression of conditioned locomotor activity in adult rats following repeated early maternal separation: effects of prefeeding,d-amphetamine, dopamine antagonists and clonidine","volume":"126","author":"Matthews","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-7634(03)00008-3","article-title":"Early experience as a determinant of adult behavioral responses to reward: the effects of repeated maternal separation in the rat","volume":"27","author":"Matthews","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2011.09.008","article-title":"Early adversity and neural correlates of executive function: implications for academic adjustment","volume":"2","author":"McDermott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2019.0539","article-title":"Hedonic eating behaviors and food preferences associated with medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder","volume":"15","author":"McDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Opioid. Manag."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21394","article-title":"Hyporesponsive reward anticipation in the basal ganglia following severe institutional deprivation early in life","volume":"22","author":"Mehta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.129908","article-title":"Early postnatal stress alters place conditioning to both \u03bc- and \u03ba-opioid agonists","volume":"325","author":"Michaels","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14182","article-title":"Early environmental influences on the development of children\u2019s brain structure and function","volume":"61","author":"Miguel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2018.0021","article-title":"Endocannabinoid-enhanced \u201cliking\u201d in nucleus accumbens shell hedonic hotspot requires endogenous opioid signals","volume":"3","author":"Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21808","article-title":"Effect of enriched environment during adolescence on spatial learning and memory, and voluntary consumption of morphine in maternally separated rats in adulthood","volume":"61","author":"Mohammadian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e702","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.200","article-title":"Fragmentation and high entropy of neonatal experience predict adolescent emotional outcome","volume":"6","author":"Molet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21230","article-title":"Naturalistic rodent models of chronic early-life stress","volume":"56","author":"Molet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00566.x","article-title":"Diet and Opiate addiction: a quantitative assessment of the diet of non-institutionalized opiate addicts","volume":"84","author":"Morabia","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Addict."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/308278a0","article-title":"\u03ba and \u03b4-opioid receptor agonists differentially inhibit striatal dopamine and acetylcholine release","volume":"308","author":"Mulder","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000308","article-title":"A systematic review examining the link between psychopathic personality traits, antisocial behavior, and neural reactivity during reward and loss processing","volume":"9","author":"Murray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Personal. Disord."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2010.0043","article-title":"The relationship between opioid and sugar intake: review of evidence and clinical applications","volume":"6","author":"Mysels","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Opioid. Manag."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3109\/10550499709005058","article-title":"The link between substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder in women: a research review","volume":"6","author":"Najavits","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.01.019","article-title":"Reward functioning in PTSD: a systematic review exploring the mechanisms underlying anhedonia","volume":"51","author":"Nawijn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.04.007","article-title":"Adverse rearing experiences enhance responding to both aversive and rewarding stimuli in juvenile rhesus monkeys","volume":"66","author":"Nelson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.08.051","article-title":"Altered neural connectivity in adult female rats exposed to early life social stress","volume":"316","author":"Nephew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.03.016","article-title":"Food selection, food craving, and body mass index in persons in treatment for substance use disorder","volume":"138","author":"Nolan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.02.002","article-title":"The effects of early life stress on reward processing","volume":"101","author":"Novick","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/s0376-8716(96)01299-9","article-title":"Early family adversity as a precursor to narcotic addiction","volume":"43","author":"Nurco","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.362","article-title":"History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity","volume":"5","author":"Osadchiy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(80)90036-6","article-title":"Endogenous opioids and social behavior","volume":"4","author":"Panksepp","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-4328(00)00173-x","article-title":"Sucrose and quinine intake by maternally-deprived and control rhesus monkeys","volume":"112","author":"Paul","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-2009-2","article-title":"Effects of early life stress on cognitive and affective function: an integrated review of human literature","volume":"214","author":"Pechtel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3754","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0305","article-title":"Chronic stress promotes palatable feeding, which reduces signs of stress: feedforward and feedback effects of chronic stress","volume":"145","author":"Pecoraro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-9384(02)00757-6","article-title":"Of human bondage: food craving, obsession, compulsion, and addiction","volume":"76","author":"Pelchat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185606","article-title":"Depression, stress and anhedonia: toward a synthesis and integrated model","volume":"10","author":"Pizzagalli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.03.001","article-title":"Reduced hedonic capacity in major depressive disorder: evidence from a probabilistic reward task","volume":"43","author":"Pizzagalli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3940(03)00515-9","article-title":"Long-term effects on brain opioid and opioid receptor like-1 receptors after short periods of maternal separation in rats","volume":"345","author":"Ploj","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1054\/npep.1999.0764","article-title":"Neonatal handling in rats induces long-term effects on dynorphin peptides","volume":"33","author":"Ploj","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/s0091-3057(01)00511-1","article-title":"Effects of neonatal handling on nociceptin\/orphanin FQ and opioid peptide levels in female rats","volume":"69","author":"Ploj","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4522(03)00499-8","article-title":"Long-term effects of maternal separation on ethanol intake and brain opioid and dopamine receptors in male wistar rats","volume":"121","author":"Ploj","year":"","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/s0143-4179(03)00043-x","article-title":"Long-term effects of short and long periods of maternal separation on brain opioid peptide levels in male Wistar rats","volume":"37","author":"Ploj","year":"","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.05.002","article-title":"Deprivation of parenting disrupts development of homeostatic and reward systems in marmoset monkey offspring","volume":"56","author":"Pryce","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2196","article-title":"Ventral striatal activation during reward processing in psychosis: a neurofunctional meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Radua","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.017","article-title":"Hippocampal changes associated with early-life adversity and vulnerability to depression","volume":"67","author":"Rao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e930","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.205","article-title":"Emergence of social behavior deficit, blunted corticolimbic activity and adult depression-like behavior in a rodent model of maternal maltreatment","volume":"6","author":"Rinc\u00f3n-Cort\u00e9s","year":"2016","journal-title":"Translat. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2018_51","article-title":"Does anhedonia presage increased risk of posttraumatic stress disorder? Adolescent anhedonia and posttraumatic disorders","volume":"38","author":"Risbrough","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12410","article-title":"Adolescent girls\u2019 neural response to reward mediates the relation between childhood financial disadvantage and depression","volume":"56","author":"Romens","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/s0193-953x(18)30553-7","article-title":"Primate models of separation-induced depression","volume":"10","author":"Rosenblum","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2004.06.001","article-title":"Early deprivation under specific conditions leads to reduced interest in reward in adulthood in Wistar rats","volume":"156","author":"R\u00fcedi-Bettschen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3381","article-title":"The brain reward circuitry in mood disorders","volume":"14","author":"Russo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.04.011","article-title":"The impact of substance use disorders on the course of schizophrenia\u2014a 15-year follow-up study: dual diagnosis over 15 years","volume":"130","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-2096-0","article-title":"Early life stress paradigms in rodents: potential animal models of depression?","volume":"214","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.08.008","article-title":"Sex differences amongst dependent heroin users: histories, clinical characteristics and predictors of other substance dependence","volume":"36","author":"Shand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-8591-4_1","article-title":"The different facets of anhedonia and their associations with different psychopathologies","volume-title":"Anhedonia: A Comprehensive Handbook Volume I: Conceptual Issues And Neurobiological Advances","author":"Shankman","year":"2014"},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.09.001","article-title":"Dimensions of early experience and neural development: deprivation and threat","volume":"18","author":"Sheridan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2663","article-title":"The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress","volume":"129","author":"Shonkoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0246-5","article-title":"Early-life adversity and neurological disease: age-old questions and novel answers","volume":"15","author":"Short","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-7358(00)00088-x","article-title":"Concomitance between childhood sexual and physical abuse and substance use problems. A review","volume":"22","author":"Simpson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1441.030","article-title":"Chronic stress, drug use, and vulnerability to addiction","volume":"1141","author":"Sinha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4205-06.2007","article-title":"Opioid limbic circuit for reward: interaction between hedonic hotspots of nucleus accumbens and ventral Pallidum","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01694.x","article-title":"The caregiving context in institution-reared and family-reared infants and toddlers in Romania","volume":"48","author":"Smyke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.007","article-title":"Adverse childhood experience effects on opioid use initiation, injection drug use, and overdose among persons with opioid use disorder","volume":"179","author":"Stein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20200438","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0438","article-title":"Long-term cognitive, psychological and health outcomes associated with child abuse and neglect","volume":"146","author":"Strathearn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/yd.20085","article-title":"Substance misuse prevention: addressing anhedonia","volume":"2014","author":"Sussman","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Dir. Youth Dev."},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.111","article-title":"The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity","volume":"17","author":"Teicher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.04.005","article-title":"Comfort food is comforting to those most stressed: evidence of the chronic stress response network in high stress women","volume":"36","author":"Tomiyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6598","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006598","article-title":"Worth the \u2018EEfRT\u2019? The effort expenditure for rewards task as an objective measure of motivation and anhedonia","volume":"4","author":"Treadway","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721412474460","article-title":"Parsing anhedonia: translational models of reward-processing deficits in psychopathology","volume":"22","author":"Treadway","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09563","article-title":"The environment and schizophrenia","volume":"468","author":"van Os","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e3280116e6f","article-title":"Maternal deprivation specifically enhances vulnerability to opiate dependence","volume":"17","author":"Vazquez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4453","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4807-04.2005","article-title":"Maternal deprivation increases vulnerability to morphine dependence and disturbs the enkephalinergic system in adulthood","volume":"25","author":"Vazquez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.08.012","article-title":"Stress during the gestational period modifies pups\u2019 emotionality parameters and favors preference for morphine in adolescent rats","volume":"296","author":"Vey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420210505","article-title":"Ontogeny of polycose and sucrose appetite in neonatal rats","volume":"21","author":"Vigorito","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.401","article-title":"Characteristics of opioid prescriptions in 2009","volume":"305","author":"Volkow","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2018.09.005","article-title":"A review of nonhuman primate models of early life stress and adolescent drug abuse","volume":"9","author":"Wakeford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2017.1343296","article-title":"Chronic early life stress induced by limited bedding and nesting (LBN) material in rodents: critical considerations of methodology, outcomes and translational potential","volume":"20","author":"Walker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2005.01.004","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and hallucinations","volume":"29","author":"Whitfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000122","article-title":"Reward processing dysfunction in major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"Whitton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.20.4.394","article-title":"Childhood victimization and illicit drug use in middle adulthood","volume":"20","author":"Widom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-7634(05)80194-0","article-title":"Chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia: a realistic animal model of depression","volume":"16","author":"Willner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.002","article-title":"The iatrogenic epidemic of prescription drug abuse: county-level determinants of opioid availability and abuse","volume":"138","author":"Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.276","article-title":"Aberrant development of intrinsic brain activity in a rat model of caregiver maltreatment of offspring","volume":"7","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032816-044957","article-title":"Reward processing, neuroeconomics, and psychopathology","volume":"13","author":"Zald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1038\/nn745","article-title":"Persistent and specific influences of early acoustic environments on primary auditory cortex","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2021.601905\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T20:20:24Z","timestamp":1697833224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2021.601905\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"references-count":212,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnhum.2021.601905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2021.601905","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"article-number":"601905"}}