{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:44:57Z","timestamp":1789058697040,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"Japanese kanji (morphograms) have two ways of reading: on<\/jats:italic>-reading (Chinese-style pronunciation) and kun<\/jats:italic>-reading (native Japanese pronunciation). It is known that some Japanese patients with semantic dementia read kanji with on<\/jats:italic>-reading but not with kun<\/jats:italic>-reading. To characterize further reading impairments of patients with semantic dementia, we analyzed data from a total of 9 patients who underwent reading and writing tests of kanji and kana (Japanese phonetic writing) and on<\/jats:italic>-kun<\/jats:italic> reading tests containing two-character kanji words with on<\/jats:italic>-on<\/jats:italic> reading, kun<\/jats:italic>-kun<\/jats:italic> reading, and specific (so-called Jukujikun or irregular kun<\/jats:italic>) reading. The results showed that on<\/jats:italic>-reading preceding (pronouncing first with on<\/jats:italic>-reading) and kun<\/jats:italic>-reading deletion (inability to recall kun<\/jats:italic>-reading) were observed in nearly all patients. In the on<\/jats:italic>-kun<\/jats:italic> reading test, on<\/jats:italic>-reading (57.6% correct), kun<\/jats:italic>-reading (46.6% correct), and specific-reading (30.0% correct) were more preserved in this decreasing order (phonology-to-semantics gradient), although on<\/jats:italic>-reading and kun<\/jats:italic>-reading did not significantly differ in performance, according to a more rigorous analysis after adjusting for word frequency (and familiarity). Furthermore, on<\/jats:italic>-substitution (changing to on<\/jats:italic>-reading) errors in kun<\/jats:italic>-reading words (27.0%) were more frequent than kun<\/jats:italic>-substitution (changing to kun<\/jats:italic>-reading) errors in on<\/jats:italic>-reading words (4.0%). These results suggest that kun<\/jats:italic>-reading is more predominantly disturbed than on<\/jats:italic>-reading, probably because kun<\/jats:italic>-reading and specific-reading are closely associated with the meaning of words.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.700181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T05:55:42Z","timestamp":1628142942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["On-Reading (Chinese-Style Pronunciation) Predominance Over Kun-Reading (Native Japanese Pronunciation) in Japanese Semantic Dementia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yasuhisa","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akitoshi","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Terao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","author":"Amano","year":"2000","journal-title":"NTT Data Base Series. 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