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Whereas in the past, ophthalmological diseases were considered principally responsible for severe visual impairment, today, all recent epidemiological studies show that the primary cause of blindness and severe visual impairment in children in industrialized countries is now neurological, with lesions acquired around the time of birth currently comprising the commonest contributor. The resulting cortical or cerebral visual impairments (CVIs) have long been ignored, or have been confused either with other ophthalmological disorders causing low vision, or with a range of learning disabilities. We present here the deleterious consequences that CVI can have upon learning and social interaction, and how these can be given behavioral labels without the underlying visual causes being considered. We discuss the need to train and inform clinicians in the identification and diagnosis of CVI, and how to distinguish the diagnosis of CVI from amongst other visual disorders, including the specific learning disorders. This is important because the range of approaches needed to enhance the development of children with CVI is specific to each child\u2019s unique visual needs, making incorrect labeling or diagnosis potentially detrimental to affected children because these needs are not met.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.713316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T14:26:55Z","timestamp":1634135215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Cortical Visual Impairments and Learning Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Chokron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klara","family":"Kovarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon N.","family":"Dutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.)","year":"2013"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162206001794","article-title":"Vision in children with hydrocephalus.","volume":"48","author":"Andersson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. 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