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Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for the motor impairments of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. However, mood or behavioral changes, such as mania, hypomania, and impulsive disorders, can occur postoperatively. It has been suggested that these symptoms are associated with the stimulation of the limbic subregion of the STN. Electrophysiological studies demonstrate that the low-frequency activities in ventral STN are modulated during emotional processing. In this study, we report 22 patients with Parkinson's disease who underwent STN DBS for treatment of motor impairment and presented stimulation-induced mood elevation during initial postoperative programming. The contact at which a euphoric state was elicited by stimulation was termed as the hypomania-inducing contact (HIC) and was further correlated with intraoperative local field potential recorded during the descending of DBS electrodes. The power of four frequency bands, namely, \u03b8 (4\u20137 Hz), \u03b1 (7\u201310 Hz), \u03b2 (13\u201335 Hz), and \u03b3 (40\u201360 Hz), were determined by a non-linear variation of the spectrogram using the concentration of frequency of time (conceFT). The depth of maximum \u03b8 power is located approximately 2 mm below HIC on average and has significant correlation with the location of contacts (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.676, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), even after partializing the effect of \u03b1 and \u03b2, respectively (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.474, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.022; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.461, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.027). The occurrence of HIC was not associated with patient-specific characteristics such as age, gender, disease duration, motor or non-motor symptoms before the operation, or improvement after stimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that the location of maximum \u03b8 power is associated with the stimulation-induced hypomania and the prediction of \u03b8 power is frequency specific. Our results provide further information to refine targeting intraoperatively and select stimulation contacts in programming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.797314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T12:09:43Z","timestamp":1640002183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Theta Oscillations at Subthalamic Region Predicts Hypomania State After Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yi-Chieh","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hau-Tieng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Hsun","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hua","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Chi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mun-Chun","family":"Yeap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ping","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin-Song","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiung-Chu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww182","article-title":"Brain networks modulated by subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation","volume":"139","author":"Accolla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.08.027","article-title":"The subthalamic nucleus is involved in successful inhibition in the stop-signal task: a local field potential study in Parkinson's disease","volume":"239","author":"Alegre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. 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