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Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The therapeutic effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to the modulation of pathological neural activities, particularly the synchronization in the <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> band (13\u201335 Hz). However, whether the local <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> activity in the STN region can directly predict the stimulation outcome remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We tested the hypothesis that low-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (13\u201320 Hz) and\/or high-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (20\u201335 Hz) band activities recorded from the STN region can predict DBS efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded in 26 patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery in the subthalamic nucleus area. Recordings were made after the implantation of the DBS electrode prior to its connection to a stimulator. The maximum normalized powers in the theta (4\u20137 Hz), alpha (7\u201313 Hz), low-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (13\u201320 Hz), high-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (20\u201335 Hz), and low-\u03b3 (40\u201355 Hz) subbands in the postoperatively recorded LFP were correlated with the stimulation-induced improvement in contralateral tremor or bradykinesia\u2013rigidity. The distance between the contact selected for stimulation and the contact with the maximum subband power was correlated with the stimulation efficacy. Following the identification of the potential predictors by the significant correlations, a multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate their effect on the outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The maximum high-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power was positively correlated with bradykinesia\u2013rigidity improvement (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = 0.549, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001). The distance to the contact with maximum high-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power was negatively correlated with bradykinesia\u2013rigidity improvement (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> = \u22120.452, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). No significant correlation was observed with low-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power. The maximum high-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power and the distance to the contact with maximum high-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> power were both significant predictors for bradykinesia\u2013rigidity improvement in the multiple regression analysis, explaining 37.4% of the variance altogether. Tremor improvement was not significantly correlated with any frequency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>High-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> oscillations, but not low-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> oscillations, recorded from the STN region with the DBS lead can inform stimulation-induced improvement in contralateral bradykinesia\u2013rigidity in patients with PD. High-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> oscillations can help refine electrode targeting and inform contact selection for DBS therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.958521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T05:55:46Z","timestamp":1662616546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Subthalamic high-beta oscillation informs the outcome of deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Po-Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chieh","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Hsun","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Chi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hau-Tieng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mun-Chun","family":"Yeap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hua","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin-Song","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiung-Chu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww182","article-title":"Brain networks modulated by subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation","volume":"139","author":"Accolla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.07.012","article-title":"Subthalamic deep brain stimulation sweet spots and hyperdirect cortical connectivity in Parkinson's disease","volume":"158","author":"Akram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa074","article-title":"Independently together: subthalamic theta and beta opposite roles in predicting Parkinson's tremor","volume-title":"Brain Commun","author":"Asch","year":"2020"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.09.047","article-title":"What is the best electrophysiologic marker of the outcome of subthalamic nucleus stimulation in parkinson disease?","volume":"120","author":"Boex","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab027","article-title":"Sign-specific stimulation 'hot' and 'cold' spots in Parkinson's disease validated with machine learning","volume-title":"Brain Commun.","author":"Boutet","year":"2021"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expNeurol2008.09.008","article-title":"The STN beta-band profile in Parkinson's disease is stationary and shows prolonged attenuation after deep brain stimulation","volume":"215","author":"Bronte-Stewart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. 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