{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T04:24:22Z","timestamp":1784521462896,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["274058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["274058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["274075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["274075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003125","name":"Suomen Kulttuurirahasto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Children with dyslexia often face difficulties in learning foreign languages, which is reflected as weaker neural activation. However, digital language-learning applications could support learning-induced plastic changes in the brain. Here we aimed to investigate whether plastic changes occur in children with dyslexia more readily after targeted training with a digital language-learning game or similar training without game-like elements. We used auditory event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically, the mismatch negativity (MMN), to study learning-induced changes in the brain responses. Participants were 24 school-aged Finnish-speaking children with dyslexia and 24 age-matched typically reading control children. They trained English speech sounds and words with \u201cSay it again, kid!\u201d (SIAK) language-learning game for 5 weeks between ERP measurements. During the game, the players explored game boards and produced English words aloud to score stars as feedback from an automatic speech recognizer. To compare the effectiveness of the training type (game vs. non-game), we embedded in the game some non-game levels stripped of all game-like elements. In the dyslexia group, the non-game training increased the MMN amplitude more than the game training, whereas in the control group the game training increased the MMN response more than the non-game training. In the dyslexia group, the MMN increase with the non-game training correlated with phonological awareness: the children with poorer phonological awareness showed a larger increase in the MMN response. Improved neural processing of foreign speech sounds as indicated by the MMN increase suggests that targeted training with a simple application could alleviate some spoken foreign-language learning difficulties that are related to phonological processing in children with dyslexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1122886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T04:57:31Z","timestamp":1678424251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Non-game like training benefits spoken foreign-language processing in children with dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Katja","family":"Junttila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Riikka","family":"Smolander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reima","family":"Karhila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Kurimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sari","family":"Ylinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103667","article-title":"Digital game-based L2 learning outcomes for primary through high-school students: A systematic literature review.","volume":"143","author":"Acquah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1044\/2021_JSLHR-20-00217","article-title":"Spoken word learning in children with developmental language disorder or dyslexia.","volume":"64","author":"Adlof","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.11.275","article-title":"The effect of digital games on Iranian children\u2019s vocabulary retention in foreign language acquisition.","volume":"29","author":"Aghlara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B4","author":"Ahonen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nopean sarjallisen nime\u00e4misen testi."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_JSLHR-L-16-0036","article-title":"Word learning deficits in children with dyslexia.","volume":"60","author":"Alt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00114.x","article-title":"The accuracy of sound duration representation in the human brain determines the accuracy of behavioural perception.","volume":"12","author":"Amenedo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.11.016","article-title":"The heritability of reading and reading-related neurocognitive components: A multi-level meta-analysis.","volume":"121","author":"Andreola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing.","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. B"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1487","article-title":"Rapid automatized naming in children with dyslexia: Is inhibitory control involved?","volume":"21","author":"Bexkens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.6.858","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia and specific language impairment: Same or different?","volume":"130","author":"Bishop","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B11","author":"Boersma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Praat: Doing phonetics by computer [Computer program]."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244333","article-title":"Intact but less accessible phonetic representations in adults with dyslexia.","volume":"342","author":"Boets","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01179.x","article-title":"Children with dyslexia reveal abnormal native language representations: Evidence from a study of mismatch negativity.","volume":"48","author":"Bruder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.17239\/JOWR-2020.12.01.02","article-title":"Effects of the Portuguese graphogame on reading, spelling, and phonological awareness in second graders struggling to read.","volume":"12","author":"Carvalhais","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Writ. Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0909(200004\/06)6:2<101::AID-DYS154<3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"College students with dyslexia: Persistent linguistic deficits and foreign language learning.","volume":"6","author":"Downey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/07356331221117084","article-title":"Improving vocabulary in English as a foreign language among students with dyslexia using hybrid technology.","author":"Eden","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Educ. Comput. Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(02)00148-9","article-title":"The role of visuospatial attention in developmental dyslexia: Evidence from a rehabilitation study.","volume":"15","author":"Facoetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cogn. Brain Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4077","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy289","article-title":"The role of the human auditory corticostriatal network in speech learning.","volume":"29","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00468","article-title":"Making sense of mismatch negativity.","volume":"11","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2307\/jeductechsoci.20.1.123","article-title":"The effect of computer game-based learning on fl vocabulary transferability.","volume":"20","author":"Franciosi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Educ. Technol. Soc."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.06.032","article-title":"Auditory processing deficit in individuals with dyslexia: A meta-analysis of mismatch negativity.","volume":"116","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/03055690220124551","article-title":"The effects of background music on primary school pupils\u2019 task performance.","volume":"28","author":"Hallam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Educ. Stud."},{"key":"B23","author":"H\u00e4yrinen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lukilasse. Lukemisen, kirjoittamisen ja laskemisen seulontatestist\u00f6 peruskoulun ala-asteen luokille 1-6."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.286","article-title":"Dyslexia in English as a second language.","volume":"11","author":"Helland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.26529\/cepsj.1459","article-title":"Dyslexia and English as a foreign language in norwegian primary education: A mixed methods intervention study.","volume":"12","author":"Jarsve","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cent. Educ. Policy Stud. J."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.029","article-title":"Native and non-native speech sound processing and the neural mismatch responses: A longitudinal study on classroom-based foreign language learning.","volume":"72","author":"Jost","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2022.105124","article-title":"Gaming enhances learning-induced plastic changes in the brain.","volume":"230","author":"Junttila","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1080\/87565640701229607","article-title":"Optimal digital filtering versus difference waves on the mismatch negativity in an uninterrupted sound paradigm.","volume":"31","author":"Kalyakin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2019-1785","article-title":"Transparent pronunciation scoring using articulatorily weighted phoneme edit distance","author":"Karhila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2017-2046","article-title":"SIAK - A game for foreign language pronunciation learning","author":"Karhila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.06.012","article-title":"Neurobiological basis of language learning difficulties.","volume":"20","author":"Krishnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611417005","article-title":"The inherent reward of choice.","volume":"22","author":"Leotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B33","author":"Lindeman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ala-asteen lukutesti: K\u00e4ytt\u00e4j\u00e4n k\u00e4sikirja."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.02.023","article-title":"Using ubiquitous games in an English listening and speaking course: Impact on learning outcomes and motivation.","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3282e9a58c","article-title":"Learning by doing: An fMRI study of feedback-related brain activations.","volume":"18","author":"Marco-Pallar\u00e9s","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht317","article-title":"How self-determined choice facilitates performance: A key role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.","volume":"25","author":"Murayama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(78)90006-9","article-title":"Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted.","volume":"42","author":"N\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4nen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/385432a0","article-title":"Language-specific phoneme representations revealed by electric and magnetic brain responses.","volume":"385","author":"N\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4nen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63934-9.00010-X","article-title":"Video games as rich environments to foster brain plasticity.","volume":"168","author":"Nahum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2004.05.005","article-title":"Speech-sound duration processing in a second language is specific to phonetic categories.","volume":"92","author":"Nenonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058546","article-title":"Enhancing cognition with video games: A multiple game training study.","volume":"8","author":"Oei","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B42","first-page":"141","article-title":"Promoting positive emotion in multimedia learning using visual illustrations.","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Educ. Multimedia Hypermedia"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2020.103806","article-title":"Cognitive correlates of dyslexia, dyscalculia and comorbid dyslexia\/dyscalculia: Effects of numerical magnitude processing and phonological processing.","volume":"107","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Dev. Disabil."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.15.7.2","article-title":"Subtitled videos and mismatch negativity (MMN) investigations of spoken word processing.","volume":"15","author":"Pettigrew","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Audiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000013875","article-title":"Mismatch negativity: Different water in the same river.","volume":"5","author":"Picton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Audiol. Neuro Otol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.04.004","article-title":"Language outside the focus of attention: The mismatch negativity as a tool for studying higher cognitive processes.","volume":"79","author":"Pulverm\u00fcller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0864","article-title":"Memory traces for words as revealed by the mismatch negativity.","volume":"14","author":"Pulverm\u00fcller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws356","article-title":"Phonological deficits in specific language impairment and developmental dyslexia: Towards a multidimensional model.","volume":"136","author":"Ramus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-019-09658-3","article-title":"Supporting struggling readers with digital game-based learning.","volume":"67","author":"Ronimus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Educ. Technol. Res. Dev."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(85)90054-1","article-title":"Auditory frequency discrimination and event-related potentials.","volume":"62","author":"Sams","year":"1985","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199801260-00029","article-title":"Auditory processing and dyslexia: Evidence for a specific speech processing deficit.","volume":"9","author":"Schulte-K\u00f6rne","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1159\/000013885","article-title":"Towards optimal recording and analysis of the mismatch negativity.","volume":"5","author":"Sinkkonen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurootol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.2010.02014.x","article-title":"Evidence-based interventions for reading and language difficulties: Creating a virtuous circle.","volume":"81","author":"Snowling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.415","article-title":"Exploring dyslexics\u2019 phonological deficit III: Foreign speech perception and production.","volume":"16","author":"Soroli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0269-8803.21.34.164","article-title":"A new view on the MMN and attention debate.","volume":"21","author":"Sussman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.308","article-title":"Exploring dyslexics\u2019 phonological deficit I: Lexical vs sub-lexical and input vs output processes.","volume":"11","author":"Szenkovits","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.04.020","article-title":"Phonetic training and non-native speech perception\u2014New memory traces evolve in just three days as indexed by the mismatch negativity (MMN) and behavioural measures.","volume":"97","author":"Tamminen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0030098100","article-title":"Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI.","volume":"100","author":"Temple","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/372090a0","article-title":"Attentive novelty detection in humans is governed by pre-attentive sensory memory.","volume":"372","author":"Tiitinen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3557","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199811160-00003","article-title":"The time course of auditory perceptual learning: Neurophysiological changes during speech-sound training.","volume":"9","author":"Tremblay","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.06.020","article-title":"Digital game-based second-language vocabulary learning and conditions of research designs: A meta-analysis study.","volume":"125","author":"Tsai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1162\/nol_a_00042","article-title":"Examining individual differences in language learning: A neurocognitive model of language aptitude.","volume":"2","author":"Turker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Lang."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12049","article-title":"Infant ERPs separate children at risk of dyslexia who become good readers from those who become poor readers.","volume":"16","author":"van Zuijen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.04.002","article-title":"A qualitative and quantitative review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in reading and dyslexia.","volume":"36","author":"Vandermosten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0021-9630.2003.00305.x","article-title":"Specific reading disability (dyslexia): What have we learned in the past four decades?","volume":"45","author":"Vellutino","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.192","article-title":"The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills.","volume":"101","author":"Wagner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219420920377","article-title":"The prevalence of dyslexia: A new approach to its estimation.","volume":"53","author":"Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Learn. Disabil."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw095","article-title":"Development of tract-specific white matter pathways during early reading development in at-risk children and typical controls.","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B69","author":"Wechsler","year":"2010","journal-title":"WISC-IV \u2013 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children \u2013 IV."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00060","article-title":"Mapping symbols to sounds: Electrophysiological correlates of the impaired reading process in dyslexia.","volume":"3","author":"Widmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1027\/0269-8803.21.34.147","article-title":"Interpreting the mismatch negativity.","volume":"21","author":"Winkler","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.06.038","article-title":"Anticipation of novelty recruits reward system and hippocampus while promoting recollection.","volume":"38","author":"Wittmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.03.017","article-title":"Linking neurogenetics and individual differences in language learning: The dopamine hypothesis.","volume":"48","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu236","article-title":"The role of corticostriatal systems in speech category learning.","volume":"26","author":"Yi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B75","first-page":"57","article-title":"Kielenoppiminen vauhtiin puheteknologian avulla","author":"Ylinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oppimisen tulevaisuus"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.11.005","article-title":"Diminished brain responses to second-language words are linked with native-language literacy skills in dyslexia.","volume":"122","author":"Ylinen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2021.612457","article-title":"The effects of a digital articulatory game on the ability to perceive speech-sound contrasts in another language.","volume":"6","author":"Ylinen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Educ."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21272","article-title":"Training the brain to weight speech cues differently: A study of Finnish second-language users of English.","volume":"22","author":"Ylinen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1122886\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T03:09:10Z","timestamp":1729048150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1122886\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1122886"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1122886","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"article-number":"1122886"}}