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In 1998, Schmahmann first proposed the concept of \u201ccognitive affective syndrome (CCAS),\u201d linking cerebellar damage to cognitive and emotional impairments. Since then, a substantial body of literature has emerged, exploring the role of the cerebellum in cognitive neurological function. The cerebellum\u2019s adjacency to the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord suggests that the cerebral-cerebellar network loops play a crucial role in the cerebellum\u2019s participation in cognitive neurological functions. In this review, we comprehensively examine the recent literature on the involvement of the cerebellum in cognitive functions from three perspectives: the cytological basis of the cerebellum and its anatomical functions, the cerebellum and cognitive functions, and Crossed cerebellar diaschisis. Our aim is to shed light on the role and mechanisms of the cerebellum in cognitive neurobrain networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1197459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T06:07:50Z","timestamp":1690524470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["The cerebellum and cognitive neural networks"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Pingshu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqin","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qirong","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongchun","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-016-0815-8","article-title":"Consensus paper: Cerebellum and emotion.","volume":"16","author":"Adamaszek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.06.013","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar-prefrontal and cerebellar-parietal functional connectivity.","volume":"28","author":"Allen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4732","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24733","article-title":"Sensorimotor, language, and working memory representation within the human cerebellum.","volume":"40","author":"Ashida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. 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