{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:47:14Z","timestamp":1792176434360,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown promise in effectively treating chronic pain. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of DBS in this context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a systematic literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, following the PRISMA guidelines. A well-constructed search strategy was utilized. Our literature search identified two groups of subjects: one group underwent DBS specifically for chronic pain treatment (DBS-P), while the second group received DBS for other indications (DBS-O), such as Parkinson\u2019s disease or dystonia, with pain perception investigated as a secondary outcome in this population. Meta-analysis was performed using R version 4.2.3 software. Heterogeneity was assessed using the tau^2 and I^2 indices, and Cochran\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test was conducted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis included 966 patients in 43 original research studies with chronic pain who underwent DBS (340 for DBS-P and 625 for DBS-O). Subgroup analysis revealed that DBS-P exhibited a significant effect on chronic pain relief, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 1.65 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of [1.31; 2.00]. Significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies, with an I^2 value of 85.8%. However, no significant difference was found between DBS-P and DBS-O subgroups. Subgroup analyses based on study design, age, pain diseases, and brain targets demonstrated varying levels of evidence for the effectiveness of DBS across different subgroups. Additionally, meta-regression analyses showed no significant relationship between age or pain duration and DBS effectiveness for chronic pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings significantly contribute to the expanding body of knowledge regarding the utility of DBS in the management of chronic pain. The study underscores the importance of conducting further research to enhance treatment outcomes and elucidate patient-specific factors that are associated with treatment response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=428442<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD42023428442.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1297894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T01:55:40Z","timestamp":1701309340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Deep brain stimulation for chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nour","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelrahman","family":"Elgendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yarema B.","family":"Bezchlibnyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Zesiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Dalm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tipu Z.","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Flouty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2021.06.006","article-title":"Thalamic deep brain stimulation for post-traumatic neuropathic limb pain: Efficacy at five years\u2019 follow-up and effective volume of activated brain tissue.","volume":"68","author":"Abreu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12620","article-title":"Thalamic deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain: Efficacy at three years\u2019 follow-up","volume":"20","author":"Abreu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.02.013","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for chronic pain.","volume":"33","author":"Alamri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.5.FOCUS18160","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for intractable neuropathic facial pain.","volume":"45","author":"Ben-Haim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2004.10.005","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for pain relief: a meta-analysis.","volume":"12","author":"Bittar","year":"","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2004.07.013","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for phantom limb pain.","volume":"12","author":"Bittar","year":"","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827b97d6","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain.","volume":"72","author":"Boccard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.173","article-title":"Long-term results of deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex for neuropathic pain.","volume":"106","author":"Boccard","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419839957","article-title":"Ventral tegmental area deep brain stimulation for chronic cluster headache: Effects on cognition, mood, pain report behaviour and quality of life","volume":"39","author":"Cappon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01251-5","article-title":"The sensitivity to change of the cluster headache quality of life scale assessed before and after deep brain stimulation of the ventral tegmental area.","volume":"22","author":"Cappon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2009.0546","article-title":"Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.","volume":"17","author":"Chiesa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2559","article-title":"The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop.","volume":"162","author":"Chou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01916.x","article-title":"EFNS guidelines on neurostimulation therapy for neuropathic pain.","volume":"14","author":"Cruccu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000887","article-title":"Effects of deep brain stimulation on pain and other nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson disease.","volume":"83","author":"Cury","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000697","article-title":"Subthalamic deep brain stimulation modulates conscious perception of sensory function in Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"157","author":"Cury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.07.026","article-title":"Effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on pain in Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"153","author":"Dellapina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12778","article-title":"King\u2019s Parkinson\u2019s disease pain scale for assessment of pain relief following deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"DiMarzio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test.","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.05.003","article-title":"Acute response of non-motor symptoms to subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"41","author":"Fabbri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-015-0504-1","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for chronic pain.","volume":"19","author":"Falowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.757579","article-title":"Deep Brain Stimulation Treating Dystonia: A Systematic Review of Targets, Body Distributions and Etiology Classifications.","volume":"15","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.2.JNS212561","article-title":"Idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease and chronic pain in the era of deep brain stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"137","author":"Flouty","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy552","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for pain in the modern era: A systematic review.","volume":"86","author":"Frizon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.11.026","article-title":"Comparison of subthalamic nucleus and Globus Pallidus internus deep brain stimulation surgery on Parkinson disease-related pain.","volume":"135","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.11.003","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation as a treatment for neuropathic pain: a longitudinal study addressing neuropsychological outcomes.","volume":"15","author":"Gray","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.05.005","article-title":"Stimulating the human midbrain to reveal the link between pain and blood pressure.","volume":"124","author":"Green","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.05.019","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for chronic neuropathic pain: long-term outcome and the incidence of insertional effect.","volume":"125","author":"Hamani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B28","author":"Higgins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.01.036","article-title":"Successful deep brain stimulation for central post-stroke pain and dystonia in a single operation.","volume":"50","author":"Holland","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B30","year":"2011","journal-title":"Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.8","article-title":"An 8-year follow-up on the effect of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on pain in Parkinson Disease.","volume":"72","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.10.028","article-title":"Bilateral pallidal stimulation improves cervical dystonia for more than a decade.","volume":"81","author":"Kaelin-Lang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt-2020-0098","article-title":"Unmet needs in the management of functional impairment in patients with chronic pain: A multinational survey.","volume":"11","author":"Karra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Manag."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opaa170","article-title":"Case series: Deep brain stimulation for facial pain.","volume":"19","author":"Kashanian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oper. Neurosurg."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182266664","article-title":"The benefit of subthalamic deep brain stimulation for pain in Parkinson disease: a 2-year follow-up study.","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-0908-0","article-title":"Chronic subthalamic deep brain stimulation improves pain in Parkinson disease.","volume":"255","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000448079","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging-based thalamic segmentation in deep brain stimulation for chronic pain conditions.","volume":"94","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opab136","article-title":"Directional Deep Brain Stimulation Can Target the Thalamic \u201cSweet Spot\u201d for Improving Neuropathic Dental Pain.","volume":"21","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oper. Neurosurg."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3109\/15360288.2012.736933","article-title":"Chronic diseases in the European Union: The prevalence and health cost implications of chronic pain.","volume":"26","author":"Leadley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pain Palliat. Care Pharmacother."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.034","article-title":"Tenets for the proper conduct and use of meta-analyses: A practical guide for neurosurgeons.","volume":"161","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24927","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of deep brain stimulation for poststroke pain.","volume":"81","author":"Lempka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-03975-5","article-title":"Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) deep brain stimulation (DBS): a promising surgical option for the treatment of refractory thalamic pain syndrome (TPS).","volume":"161","author":"Levi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16734-3","article-title":"A unified connectomic target for deep brain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.01112","article-title":"Updating the assignment of levels of evidence.","volume":"97","author":"Marx","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"B45","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reducing the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism) in Patients Admitted to Hospital (CG 92)."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.7.JNS11158","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus stimulation for attenuation of pain related to Parkinson disease.","volume":"116","author":"Oshima","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-33081-4_13","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain.","author":"Owen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.09.035","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for the alleviation of post-stroke neuropathic pain","volume":"120","author":"Owen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2007.06.010","article-title":"Pre-operative DTI and probabilisitic tractography in four patients with deep brain stimulation for chronic pain.","volume":"15","author":"Owen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews.","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.03.011","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus improves pain in Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"20","author":"Pellaprat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.7.FOCUS1346","article-title":"Thalamic deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain after amputation or brachial plexus avulsion.","volume":"35","author":"Pereira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1159\/000101296","article-title":"Regional cerebral perfusion differences between periventricular grey, thalamic and dual target deep brain stimulation for chronic neuropathic pain.","volume":"85","author":"Pereira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.02.004","article-title":"Ventral periaqueductal grey stimulation alters heart rate variability in humans with chronic pain.","volume":"223","author":"Pereira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14555","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation reduces pain in children with dystonia, including in dyskinetic cerebral palsy","volume":"62","author":"Perides","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-04065-2","article-title":"Somatosensory functional MRI tractography for individualized targeting of deep brain stimulation in patients with chronic pain after brachial plexus injury.","volume":"161","author":"Polanski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.762097","article-title":"Practical closed-loop strategies for deep brain stimulation: Lessons from chronic pain.","volume":"15","author":"Prosky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2504-7","article-title":"A single thalamic target for deep brain stimulation to treat hemi-body pain syndrome.","volume":"157","author":"Rezaei Haddad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012405.pub2","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for dystonia.","volume":"2019","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1227\/ons.0000000000000440","article-title":"Functional MRI\u2019guided motor cortex and deep brain stimulation for intractable facial pain: A novel, personalized approach in 1 patient","volume":"24","author":"Saway","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oper. Neurosurg"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1159\/000362933","article-title":"Simultaneous trial of deep brain and motor cortex stimulation in chronic intractable neuropathic pain.","volume":"92","author":"Son","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stereotact. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/07\/0169","article-title":"Neuromodulation of the cingulum for neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury","volume":"107","author":"Spooner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Case report. J. Neurosurg"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.03.008","article-title":"Subthalamic deep brain stimulation versus best medical therapy for L-dopa responsive pain in Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"154","author":"S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-022-01099-7","article-title":"Treating chronic pain with deep brain stimulation.","volume":"27","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105720","article-title":"Predictive factors for outcome of pallidal deep brain stimulation in cervical dystonia.","volume":"192","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21602","article-title":"Effects of chronic subthalamic stimulation on nonmotor fluctuations in Parkinson\u2019s disease.","volume":"22","author":"Witjas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1297894\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T01:55:43Z","timestamp":1701309343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1297894\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1297894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1297894","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"article-number":"1297894"}}