{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T02:08:26Z","timestamp":1782785306485,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated-1 (LGI1) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by antibodies that target LGI1 (LGI1-IgG). It typically presents with cognitive impairment, psychiatric disturbances, and faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is currently recognized as a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mediated by antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG). The co-occurrence of anti-LGI1 encephalitis and MOG-IgG is a rare phenomenon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report a case of anti-LGI1 antibody encephalitis combined with MOG-IgG. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Embase databases. We utilized the following search terms: (\u201cLimbic Encephalitis\u201d[MeSH Terms] OR (\u201cautoimmune encephalitis\u201d[Title\/Abstract] OR \u201cAE\u201d[Title\/Abstract])) AND (\u201cMyelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein\u201d[MeSH Terms] OR \u201cdemyelinating autoimmune diseases, cns\u201d[MeSH Terms] OR (\u201cMOG-IgG\u201d[Title\/Abstract] OR \u201cMOGAD\u201d[Title\/Abstract])). The search was constrained to the period from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of nine papers involving 11 patients were included in the study. Three patients exhibited MOG-IgG in combination with LGI1-IgG. The majority of cases presented with encephalopathic symptoms. Visual changes were observed in a few cases with low titers of serum MOG-IgG or solely in the presence of MOG-IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The occurrence of anti-LGI1 encephalitis alongside MOG-IgG is a relatively rare phenomenon. The clinical manifestation of encephalopathy in patients with coexisting antibodies presents a significant challenge for clinicians regarding timely diagnosis, highlighting the need for increased vigilance in daily practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2025.1585730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T05:46:40Z","timestamp":1752126400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anti-LGI1 encephalitis and co-existence of MOG-IgG: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xiaojiao","family":"Ci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010100","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: current insights into the disease pathophysiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"22","author":"Ambrosius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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