{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:24:28Z","timestamp":1779891868232,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is characterized by cortico-striatal circuit dysregulation and high relapse rates, with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) emerging as a potential neuromodulatory intervention. This study investigates rTMS-induced dynamic brain network reconfigurations in 30 CUD patients using longitudinal resting-state fMRI from the SUDMEX-TMS cohort. Applying Leading Eigenvector Dynamics Analysis (LEiDA) to phase-locking states, we identified four metastable network configurations mapped to canonical resting-state networks. Post-rTMS analyses revealed selective modulation of visual network (VIS)-dominant states, showing increased duration and occupancy, alongside reduced self-transition probabilities in frontoparietal control network (FPCN) states after rTMS therapy. Temporal dynamics of these states correlated with subjective craving intensity: increased duration of the VIS-dominant state was associated with lower craving severity (CCQ-N) post-treatment. These findings suggest that increased VIS metastability strengthened bottom-up sensory gating that attenuates drug-cue salience through perceptual desensitization. Although FPCN-state self-transition decreased significantly following stimulation, it was not directly linked to craving improvement, indicating a potentially supportive but nonspecific role in perceptual recalibration. Together, these dynamic markers highlight the relevance of network-level flexibility in mediating rTMS treatment efficacy for cocaine addiction. By establishing dynamic network state reconfiguration as a mechanism linking rTMS to symptom evolution, this work provides a framework for optimizing neuromodulation protocols and developing neurodynamics-dependent biomarkers in addiction therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2025.1603888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T05:27:09Z","timestamp":1755754029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dynamic brain network reconfiguration following rTMS in males with cocaine use disorder"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Chengjie","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoyin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjie","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benteng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenfei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5770","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26475","article-title":"Depression recurrence is accompanied by longer periods in default mode and more frequent attentional and reward processing dynamic brain-states during resting-state activity","volume":"44","author":"Alonso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. 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