{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T06:39:27Z","timestamp":1765953567369,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is often associated with pain-related fear of movement, and virtual reality has been proposed as a potential rehabilitation intervention to overcome this issue. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to test whether altering the visual feedback (VF) on movement could mitigate pain and promote movement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen participants with upper-limb CRPS and 15 age- and gender-matched pain-free participants undertook a target reaching task in the Kinarm exoskeleton, with two VF conditions being tested (Per Exposure: GREATER or SMALLER VF; two separate sessions), preceded and followed by reaching movements without VF (Pre-\/Post-Exposure). Proprioception was assessed with a Limb Position Sense task, and a Movement Accuracy outcome was derived from the Pre-Exposure reaching movements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Contrary to our hypothesis, pain intensity was not influenced by VF conditions but increased over Time (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). Analyses performed on kinematics data showed that participants displayed visuomotor adaptation both Per Exposure, and Pre-\/Post-Exposure to altered VF (VF condition\n                      <jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>\n                      Time:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001). Per Exposure analyses revealed that CRPS participants tended to adapt their Movement Length to a lesser extent than pain-free participants (Group\n                      <jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>\n                      VF condition:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.048). Pre-\/Post-Exposure analyses revealed that CRPS participants consistently performed larger movements than pain-free participants (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002). Both groups performed similarly for the Limb Position Sense task, but CRPS participants displayed significantly larger errors for Movement Accuracy, suggesting impaired proprioceptive integration in the CRPS group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support the idea that visuomotor adaptation is preserved in CRPS and can be used to promote movement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2025.1701633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T06:36:02Z","timestamp":1765953362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altering visual feedback during reaching: no mitigating effect on pain for individuals with complex regional pain syndrome, but visuomotor adaptation is preserved"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Marion","family":"Dagenais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Sutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9mentine","family":"Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Marie","family":"Pinard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-S\u00e9bastien","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Mercier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2025.101979","article-title":"Transcultural adaptation of the bath CRPS body perception disturbance scale into French","volume":"68","author":"Acapo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. 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