{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T06:11:43Z","timestamp":1777961503392,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Music-induced analgesia (MIA) has significant clinical value for patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and serves as a key model for understanding the complex neural mechanisms underlying the effects of music on physical and mental states. However, previous research offers limited interpretation of the broader neural network characteristics underlying pain regulation through music, particularly regarding spatial synchronization and temporal connectivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study examined the neural correlates of MIA in FM patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) with fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and degree centrality (DC) measures. Twenty female FM patients underwent RS-fMRI scans before and after listening to self-selected, familiar, highly pleasant, and slow-tempo music. Behavioral assessments of pain intensity (PI) and pain unpleasantness (PU) were collected immediately before and after music listening. Paired t-tests and correlation analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following music listening, FM patients exhibited a significant reduction in PI and a marginal reduction in PU. Significant RS-fMRI changes were observed: increased fALFF in the frontal, occipital, and cerebellar regions; increased ReHo in the precentral gyrus, cerebellum_crus2, and postcentral gyrus; decreased ReHo in the temporal, occipital, frontal, limbic, and cingulate regions; and increased DC in frontal areas and the supplementary motor area. Additionally, significant correlations were found between clinical measures and fALFF or ReHo measures, including positive correlations between PI and fALFF in the left middle occipital gyrus, and negative correlations between PU and fALFF\/ReHo in the right cerebellum_crus2 and left middle occipital gyrus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggested the effectiveness of music\u2019s pain regulation function in FM patients, potentially through both cognitive and emotional pathways. The spatial and temporal fMRI evidence highlights key roles of the frontal, occipital, sensorimotor, limbic, and cerebellar regions in MIA, providing a more comprehensive framework for understanding its underlying neural mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1622082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T05:31:50Z","timestamp":1777959110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial and temporal connectivity of brain resting-state fMRI during music-induced analgesia in fibromyalgia patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jiancheng","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Cross-Straits Cultural Development, Fujian Normal University","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, WI, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Music, Southwest University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, WI, United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maoping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Music, Southwest University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Music, Southwest University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology","place":["Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87943-z","article-title":"Preferred musical attribute dimensions underlie individual differences in music-induced analgesia","volume":"11","author":"Basinski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2024.101313","article-title":"A multidisciplinary approach on music induced-analgesia differentiated by socio-cultural background in healthy volunteers (MOSART): a cross-over randomized controlled trial protocol","volume":"39","author":"Becker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials Commun"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.007","article-title":"Understanding the role of the primary somatosensory cortex: opportunities for rehabilitation","volume":"79","author":"Borich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-017-9689-8","article-title":"Relation of visual creative imagery manipulation to resting-state brain oscillations","volume":"12","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-017-1212-0","article-title":"Listening to music during shock wave lithotripsy decreases anxiety, pain, and dissatisfaction: a randomized controlled study","volume":"129","author":"Cakmak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wien. Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.011","article-title":"Time-frequency dynamics of resting-state brain connectivity measured with fMRI","volume":"50","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1159\/000368420","article-title":"Listening to music during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy decreases anxiety, pain and dissatisfaction in patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"94","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urol. Int."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2010.00013","article-title":"DPARSF: a MATLAB toolbox for \u201cpipeline\u201d data analysis of resting-state fMRI","volume":"4","author":"Chao-Gan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0201897","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201897","article-title":"The analgesic effect of music on cold pressor pain responses: the influence of anxiety and attitude toward pain","volume":"13","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3266","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: a clinical review","volume":"311","author":"Clauw","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.07.006","article-title":"Music modulation of pain perception and pain-related activity in the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"15","author":"Dobek","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113634","article-title":"Soundtrack of life: an fMRI study","volume":"418","author":"Falcon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2018.03.007","article-title":"The biological impact of listening to music in clinical and nonclinical settings: a systematic review","volume":"237","author":"Finn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910350312","article-title":"Movement-related effects in fMRI time-series","volume":"35","author":"Friston","year":"1996","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2017.7.597","article-title":"Music-induced analgesia in chronic pain conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Garza-Villarreal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60169-6","article-title":"Music as an aid for postoperative recovery in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"386","author":"Hole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/jmt\/thaa003","article-title":"The cognitive mechanisms in music listening interventions for pain: a scoping review","volume":"57","author":"Howlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Music. Ther."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.04.009","article-title":"Evidence of lateralized anteromedial temporal structures involvement in musical emotion processing","volume":"46","author":"Khalfa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.01.002","article-title":"Towards a neural basis of music-evoked emotions","volume":"14","author":"Koelsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20180","article-title":"Investigating emotion with music: an fMRI study","volume":"27","author":"Koelsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.10.001","article-title":"Towards a neural basis of music perception","volume":"9","author":"Koelsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.03.024","article-title":"Why ruminators won't stop: the structural and resting state correlates of rumination and its relation to depression","volume":"141","author":"Kuhn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.04.021","article-title":"Patterns of fractional amplitude of low-frequency oscillations in occipito-striato-thalamic regions of first-episode drug-naive panic disorder","volume":"142","author":"Lai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.09.007","article-title":"On spurious and real fluctuations of dynamic functional connectivity during rest","volume":"104","author":"Leonardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479150","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1479150","article-title":"Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations during music-evoked autobiographical memories in neurotypical older adults","volume":"18","author":"Lesiuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2019.04.014","article-title":"Music enhances activity in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and anterior cerebellum during script-driven imagery of affective scenes","volume":"133","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0164031","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164031","article-title":"Abnormal intrinsic functional hubs in severe male obstructive sleep apnea: evidence from a voxel-wise degree centrality analysis","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2010.00024","article-title":"Using coherence to measure regional homogeneity of resting-state FMRI signal","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3493","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26293","article-title":"The effect of background liked music on acute pain perception and its neural correlates","volume":"44","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001452","article-title":"Music-induced analgesia: how does music relieve pain?","volume":"160","author":"Lunde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2551003","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2025.2551003","article-title":"The effect of music listening style on music-induced analgesia","volume":"28","author":"Maidhof","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41952","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41952","article-title":"Anhedonia to music and mu-opioids: evidence from the administration of naltrexone","volume":"7","author":"Mallik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172500039X","article-title":"Contributions of the posterior cerebellum to mentalizing and social functioning: a transdiagnostic investigation","volume":"55","author":"Moe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1093\/jmt\/50.3.198","article-title":"A systematic review on the neural effects of music on emotion regulation: implications for music therapy practice","volume":"50","author":"Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Music. Ther."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51990-4","article-title":"Functional connectivity of music-induced analgesia in fibromyalgia","volume":"9","author":"Pando-Naude","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000798","article-title":"Reward, motivation, and emotion of pain and its relief","volume":"158","author":"Porreca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878258","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2022.878258","article-title":"Music to my senses: functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of music analgesia across connectivity networks spanning the brain and brainstem","volume":"3","author":"Powers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pain Res (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.10015","article-title":"Stereologic characterization and spatial distribution patterns of Betz cells in the human primary motor cortex","author":"Rivara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.04.003","article-title":"Emotional valence contributes to music-induced analgesia","volume":"134","author":"Roy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274919","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/274919","article-title":"A voxel-based morphometry study of the brain of university students majoring in music and nonmusic disciplines","volume":"2015","author":"Sato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Neurol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1159\/000365085","article-title":"Effect of music on labor pain relief, anxiety level and postpartum analgesic requirement: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Simavli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Investig."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.08.063","article-title":"Network modelling methods for FMRI","volume":"54","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.03.061","article-title":"Threshold-free cluster enhancement: addressing problems of smoothing, threshold dependence and localisation in cluster inference","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00092","article-title":"Increased functional connectivity of the angular gyrus during imagined music performance","volume":"13","author":"Tanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.098","article-title":"Regional homogeneity of resting state fMRI signals predicts stop signal task performance","volume":"60","author":"Tian","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.07.012","article-title":"The cerebral signature for pain perception and its modulation","volume":"55","author":"Tracey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210572","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2023.1210572","article-title":"Emotional responses to favorite and relaxing music predict music-induced hypoalgesia","volume":"4","author":"Valevicius","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pain Res (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-025-00272-3","article-title":"The role of cerebellar-cortical connectivity in modulating attentional abilities: insight from football athletes","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giy071","article-title":"Consistent decreased activity in the putamen in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis and an independent validation of resting-state fMRI","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gigascience"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0289302","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289302","article-title":"Sensorimotor synchronization to music reduces pain","volume":"18","author":"Werner","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-016-9299-4","article-title":"DPABI: data processing & analysis for (resting-state) brain imaging","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423956","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1423956","article-title":"Cerebral cortex functional reorganization in preschool children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"15","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.030","article-title":"Regional homogeneity approach to fMRI data analysis","volume":"22","author":"Zang","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1159\/000099831","article-title":"Robust genomic control and robust delta centralization tests for case-control association studies","volume":"63","author":"Zang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Hered."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075511","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1075511","article-title":"Hemispheric asymmetries for music and speech: Spectrotemporal modulations and top-down influences","volume":"16","author":"Zatorre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134500","article-title":"Resting-state functional magnetic resonance study of primary open-angle glaucoma based on voxelwise brain network degree centrality","volume":"712","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00685","article-title":"Tracking the main states of dynamic functional connectivity in resting state","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.04.012","article-title":"An improved approach to detection of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) for resting-state fMRI: fractional ALFF","volume":"172","author":"Zou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr269","article-title":"Network centrality in the human functional connectome","volume":"22","author":"Zuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1622082\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T05:31:51Z","timestamp":1777959111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1622082\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1622082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1622082","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"article-number":"1622082"}}