{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T07:37:29Z","timestamp":1774251449489,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is associated with specific cognitive deficits and dysfunctions in Theory of Mind (ToM), which can impact patients\u2019 quality of life. ToM refers to the ability to infer the mental and emotional state of one\u2019s counterpart and involves the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia in its function. While bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in PD significantly improves motor symptoms, little is known about its effects on ToM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively applied an adapted version of the Yoni ToM paradigm, the Montr\u00e9al Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and an extensive tablet-based neurocognitive test set (CANTAB Connect\u2122) before and 1\u202fyear after DBS surgery. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed for comparisons of pre- and postoperative results, and Spearman\u2019s correlations assessed the association between parameters with consequent Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 27 PD patients who received bilateral STN-DBS at Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin between June 2019 and September 2021 were included in the study. Among these patients, 21 (77.8%) were men, with an average age of 58.7\u202f\u00b1\u202f10.1\u202fyears and a disease duration averaging 10.2\u202f\u00b1\u202f5.0\u202fyears. ToM abilities remained stable 1\u202fyear after DBS surgery and were associated with overall cognitive function and several specific neuropsychological domains, including reaction time, visual learning, and multitasking performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that specific ToM abilities and overall cognitive performance remain largely stable 1\u202fyear following STN-DBS. Performance on ToM tasks appears to be linked to individual cognitive profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1699729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T06:43:25Z","timestamp":1774248205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive and affective Theory of Mind abilities in Parkinson\u2019s disease before and 1\u202fyear after subthalamic deep brain stimulation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Elsenbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Astalosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa Martins","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Landfried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerd-Helge","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregor A.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea A.","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]},{"name":"Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]},{"name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothee","family":"K\u00fcbler-Weller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.07.012","article-title":"Neuroanatomical and neurochemical bases of theory of mind","volume":"49","author":"Abu-Akel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22818","article-title":"Theory of mind in Parkinson's disease and related basal ganglia disorders: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Bodden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. 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