{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T05:55:01Z","timestamp":1776318901239,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ability to recognize emotional facial expressions relies on brain functional networks, particularly in the right hemisphere, and is impaired in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Given that this ability involves brain networks operating within hundreds of milliseconds, we tested the hypothesis of abnormalities in event-related spectral electroencephalographic coherence, with a focus on the right versus left hemispheres in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Event-related theta (4\u20137 Hz) magnitude-squared coherence was calculated for both intra-hemispheric (frontal\u2013temporal, frontal\u2013parietal, central\u2013temporal, and related pairs) and inter-hemispheric homologous electrode pairs (F3\u2013F4, C3\u2013C4, T7\u2013T8, TP7\u2013TP8, P3\u2013P4, O1\u2013O2). We enrolled 25 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, 15 Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment, 25 Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients with dementia, and 16 Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with dementia, along with 25 healthy elderly as controls. Participants were presented with three different facial expressions (angry, happy, and neutral) 60 times each in a pseudo-random order.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Theta (4\u20137 Hz) spectral coherence was higher in the right than the left hemisphere across all groups, with Parkinson\u2019s disease patients exhibiting the lowest values. Moreover, interhemispheric theta coherence was lower in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia compared to the amnestic mild cognitive impairment and healthy elderly groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that cortical functional connectivity related to emotional facial expression processing is more disrupted in Parkinson\u2019s disease than in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, at both mild cognitive impairment and dementia stages. This disruption affects not only the right hemisphere but also interhemispheric connectivity. Finally, it would occur at theta frequencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1708832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T05:24:59Z","timestamp":1776317099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impaired event-related theta spectral coherence in emotional facial expression processing in neurodegenerative disorders"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hakan","family":"Uzunlar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00fcmeysa","family":"Duygun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Neuroscience Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Sussex","place":["Brighton, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0130layda","family":"K\u0131y\u0131-Atilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University","place":["Izmir, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuba","family":"Akt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Neuroscience Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Section Brain Stimulation and Cognition, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University","place":["Maastricht, Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ebru","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (N\u00d6ROM), Gazi University","place":["Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nesrin","family":"Helvac\u0131 Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00fctf\u00fc","family":"Hano\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives","place":["Lille, France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Papo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]},{"name":"Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia","place":["Ferrara, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Zanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Parc Bit","place":["Palma de Mallorca, Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Babiloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology \u201cV. Erspamer\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Roma - Cassino","place":["Cassino Site, Cassino, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6rsev","family":"Yener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical School, Dokuz Eylul University","place":["Izmir, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"IBG: International Biomedicine and Genome Center","place":["Izmir, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bahar","family":"G\u00fcntekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Neuroscience Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University","place":["Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3940(01)01703-7","article-title":"Affective picture processing: event-related synchronization within individually defined human theta band is modulated by valence dimension","volume":"303","author":"Aftanas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27305","article-title":"Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: a review and new hypotheses","volume":"33","author":"Argaud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-008-0971-9","article-title":"Recognition of emotions from visual and prosodic cues in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Ariatti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.886619","article-title":"Brain structural and functional changes in cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","author":"\u00c1vila-Villanueva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.05.020","article-title":"Structural correlates of facial emotion recognition deficits in Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"50","author":"Baggio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-2010-100177","article-title":"Functional connectivity in mild cognitive impairment during a memory task: implications for the disconnection hypothesis","volume":"22","author":"Bajo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.09.004","article-title":"EEG correlates (event-related desynchronization) of emotional face elaboration: a temporal analysis","volume":"392","author":"Balconi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.08.012","article-title":"Efficiency, capacity, compensation, maintenance, plasticity: emerging concepts in cognitive reserve","volume":"17","author":"Barulli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2244","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006646","article-title":"White matter abnormalities in the corpus callosum with cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease","volume":"91","author":"Bledsoe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa209","article-title":"Hyperconnectivity in dementia is early and focal and wanes with progression","volume":"31","author":"Bonanni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988716640375","article-title":"Meta-analysis of facial emotion recognition in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia","volume":"29","author":"Bora","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988717710337","article-title":"Meta-analysis of social cognition in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"30","author":"Bora","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0894-4105.12.3.446","article-title":"Right hemisphere emotional perception: evidence across multiple channels","volume":"12","author":"Borod","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1099-1166(199706)12:6<>3.0.co;2-h","article-title":"The clock drawing test for dementia of the Alzheimer's type: a comparison of three scoring methods in a memory disorders clinic","volume":"12","author":"Brodaty","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(02)00586-x","article-title":"Theta oscillations in the hippocampus","volume":"33","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/35072584","article-title":"Neuropsychology of fear and loathing","volume":"2","author":"Calder","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nsae073","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsae073","article-title":"Disgust-specific impairment of facial emotion recognition in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"19","author":"Chiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00999.x","article-title":"Verbal fluency: a NART-based equation for the estimation of premorbid performance","volume":"31","author":"Crawford","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.48.5_suppl_6.10s","article-title":"The neuropsychiatric inventory","volume":"48","author":"Cummings","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(92)90065-T","article-title":"Anterior cerebral asymmetry and the nature of emotion","volume":"20","author":"Davidson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4780","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1214546110","article-title":"Exaggerated phase\u2013amplitude coupling in the primary motor cortex in Parkinson disease","volume":"110","author":"De Hemptinne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.11.030","article-title":"Functional abnormalities of the medial temporal lobe memory system in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: insights from functional MRI studies","volume":"46","author":"Dickerson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01115465","article-title":"Measuring facial movement","volume":"1","author":"Ekman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Environ. Psychol. Nonverbal Behav."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.6018\/analesps.439141","article-title":"A systematic review of facial emotion recognition in Alzheimer's disease: a developmental and gender perspective","volume":"37","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-R\u00edos","year":"2021","journal-title":"An. Psicol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-022-09920-0","article-title":"Coherence in event-related EEG oscillations in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"17","author":"Fide","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cogn. Neurodyn."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5278","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5278","article-title":"Effects of age on the identification of emotions in facial expressions: a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018104","article-title":"A meta-analysis of performance on emotion recognition tasks in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Gray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"273","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the standardized mini mental state examination in the diagnosis of mild dementia in Turkish population","volume":"13","author":"G\u00fcngen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Turk. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2006.07.003","article-title":"Emotional face expressions are differentiated with brain oscillations","volume":"64","author":"G\u00fcntekin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.03.014","article-title":"A review of brain oscillations in perception of faces and emotional pictures","volume":"58","author":"G\u00fcntekin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13434","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13434","article-title":"Impairment in recognition of emotional facial expressions in Alzheimer\u2019s disease is represented by EEG theta and alpha responses","volume":"56","author":"G\u00fcntekin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00006.2019","article-title":"Brain lateralization: a comparative perspective","volume":"100","author":"G\u00fcnt\u00fcrk\u00fcn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.14.1.64","article-title":"Impaired recognition of facial expressions of emotion in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Hargrave","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314978","article-title":"Patterns of atrophy in pathologically confirmed dementias: a voxelwise analysis","volume":"88","author":"Harper","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-021-01172-w","article-title":"Emotional and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Heilman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.12.006","article-title":"Theta oscillations in human memory","volume":"24","author":"Herweg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.03.003","article-title":"Injured brains and adaptive networks: the benefits and costs of Hyperconnectivity","volume":"21","author":"Hillary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2013.02.001","article-title":"Fear recognition impairment in early-stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease: when focusing on the eyes region improves performance","volume":"82","author":"Hot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.03.363","article-title":"Spectral features of resting-state EEG in Parkinson's disease: a multicenter study using functional data analysis","volume":"151","author":"Jaramillo-Jimenez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2006.b0357","article-title":"Inter-and intra-hemispheric EEG coherence in patients with mild cognitive impairment at rest and during working memory task","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.09.014","article-title":"Intracerebral gamma modulations reveal interaction between emotional processing and action outcome evaluation in the human orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"79","author":"Jung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/s0010-9452(08)70026-1","article-title":"Recognition of emotion from facial, prosodic and written verbal stimuli in Parkinson's disease","volume":"38","author":"Kan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t27208-000","article-title":"Boston naming test","author":"Kaplan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"B\u0130LNOT Bataryas\u0131 El Kitab\u0131: N\u00f6ropsikolojik Testler \u0130\u00e7in Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Geli\u015ftirme \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131","author":"Karaka\u015f","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11080960","article-title":"The right hemisphere is responsible for the greatest differences in human brain response to high-arousing emotional versus neutral stimuli: a MEG study","volume":"11","author":"Kheirkhah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.09.057","article-title":"Event-related delta and theta synchronization during explicit and implicit emotion processing","volume":"164","author":"Knyazev","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s11055-011-9460-3","article-title":"Influences of the loading on working memory on the spatial synchronization of prestimulus cortical electrical activity during recognition of an emotional facial expression","volume":"41","author":"Kostandov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Behav. Physiol."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199904000-00007","article-title":"Perception of emotion in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease","volume":"13","author":"Lavenu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00125","article-title":"Brain functional and structural signatures in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.023","article-title":"Neural dynamics for facial threat processing as revealed by gamma band synchronization using MEG","volume":"34","author":"Luo","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666737","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.666737","article-title":"The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: a complex interplay between astrocytes, microglia, and T lymphocytes?","volume":"12","author":"MacMahon Copas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090112","article-title":"Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale characteristics and structure","volume":"9","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00edn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12209","article-title":"Facial expressions recognition and discrimination in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Mattavelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5215.2008.00315.x","article-title":"The recognition of facial expressions of emotion in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a review of findings","volume":"20","author":"McLellan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-180549","article-title":"The role of cognitive reserve in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and aging: a multi-modal imaging review","volume":"66","author":"Menardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer's Dis"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.07.009","article-title":"Neurobiological correlates of emotional processing in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of experimental studies","volume":"100","author":"Moonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.43.11.2412-a","article-title":"The clinical dementia rating (CDR)","volume":"43","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10080502","article-title":"Amygdala: neuroanatomical and morphophysiological features in terms of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"10","author":"Nikolenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref59","volume-title":"\u00d6ktem S\u00f6zel Bellek S\u00fcre\u00e7leri Testi (\u00d6KTEM SBST).","author":"\u00d6ktem Tan\u00f6r","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-021-02331-7","article-title":"A short review on emotion processing: a lateralized network of neuronal networks","volume":"227","author":"Palomero-Gallagher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nsaf047","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaf047","article-title":"Oscillatory brain dynamics underlying affective face processing","volume":"20","author":"Petro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2011.09.007","article-title":"Neural circuits underlying the generation of theta oscillations","volume":"106","author":"Pignatelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol.-Paris"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.036566","article-title":"EEG coherence reflects regional corpus callosum area in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"76","author":"Pogarell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7782","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07563-4","article-title":"Perception of facial expressions reveals selective affect-biased attention in humans and orangutans","volume":"7","author":"Pritsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27429","article-title":"Atrophy of hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei in subjects with mild cognitive impairment progressing to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"10","author":"Punzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2466\/PMS.8.7.271-276","article-title":"Validity of the trail making test as an indicator of organic brain damage","volume":"8","author":"Reitan","year":"1958","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Skills"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0169110","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169110","article-title":"Facial emotion recognition and expression in Parkinson\u2019s disease: an emotional mirror mechanism?","volume":"12","author":"Ricciardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.06.012","article-title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of impaired recognition of emotion in dementia","volume":"44","author":"Rosen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.01.001","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of emotion recognition and aging: implications for neuropsychological models of aging","volume":"32","author":"Ruffman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.025","article-title":"Rapid amygdala gamma oscillations in response to fearful facial expressions","volume":"49","author":"Sato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018169","article-title":"The impact of facial emotional expressions on behavioral tendencies in women and men","volume":"36","author":"Seidel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."},{"key":"ref72","volume-title":"Geriatric depression scale\u2014Short form","author":"Sheikh","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000814","article-title":"Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the role of executive and affective domains","volume":"36","author":"Siquier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/jgp.0b013e318165dbce","article-title":"Facial emotion recognition deficit in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease","volume":"16","author":"Spoletini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3801","article-title":"Modern network science of neurological disorders","volume":"15","author":"Stam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4857","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab520","article-title":"Brain functional network abnormalities in Parkinson\u2019s disease with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"32","author":"Suo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl011","article-title":"Disgust-specific impairment of facial expression recognition in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"129","author":"Suzuki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2024.101404","article-title":"Theta activity and cognitive functioning: integrating evidence from resting-state and task-related developmental electroencephalography (EEG) research","volume":"67","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20652","article-title":"Regional networks underlying interhemispheric connectivity: an EEG and DTI study in healthy ageing and amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"30","author":"Teipel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref80","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/s0167-8760(00)00172-0","article-title":"Different frequencies for different scales of cortical integration: from local gamma to long range alpha\/theta synchronization","volume":"38","author":"Von Stein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref82","volume-title":"Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised","author":"Wechsler","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.11.013","article-title":"A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of amygdala responses to human faces in aging and mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"62","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2024.103610","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical functional connectivity and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease","volume":"42","author":"Yeager","year":"2024","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.10.036","article-title":"Brain functional connectivity patterns for emotional state classification in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients without dementia","volume":"298","author":"Yuvaraj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1249-4","article-title":"Inter-hemispheric EEG coherence analysis in Parkinson\u2019s disease: assessing brain activity during emotion processing","volume":"122","author":"Yuvaraj","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2013.860527","article-title":"Emotion processing in Parkinson's disease: an EEG spectral power study","volume":"124","author":"Yuvaraj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041569","article-title":"The increase of theta power and decrease of alpha\/theta ratio as a manifestation of cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Zawi\u015blak-Fornagiel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1708832\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T05:25:01Z","timestamp":1776317101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1708832\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1708832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1708832","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"article-number":"1708832"}}