{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:37:00Z","timestamp":1775032620616,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is known to improve cognition in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (mild AD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We aimed to examine the brain functional alterations accompanying improvement in cognitive performance following anodal tDCS at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in a sample of patients with early AD (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f40; MCI,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f19, and mild AD,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f21) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant (p-FDR\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) reduction in seed(left middle frontal gyrus, lMFG)-to-voxel resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) with precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC) was noted following tDCS intervention, while task-based fMRI (tbfMRI) analysis revealed significant (p-FDR\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) increases in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activations at PCC and right MFG (rMFG) during episodic memory encoding and retrieval tasks, respectively. Furthermore, a significant decrease (p-FDR\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) in resting-state MEG (rsMEG) gamma power at the right occipital cortex and an increase in phase (theta) and amplitude (gamma) coupling at the left entorhinal cortex were observed post-tDCS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of this comprehensive study using resting fMRI and MEG, as well as task-based fMRI, provide mechanistic insights regarding brain functional alterations that underlie the cognitive modulatory effects of anodal tDCS in early AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1767772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T05:43:18Z","timestamp":1775022198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A functional MRI and magnetoencephalography study of the cognitive modulatory effect of transcranial direct current stimulation in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]},{"name":"Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gowthami","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashika A.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Setu","family":"Havanur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subhashini K.","family":"Rangarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]},{"name":"Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanteemar S.","family":"Sreeraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]},{"name":"Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]},{"name":"Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariyappa","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Keshav","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjib","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jitender","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sivakumar P.","family":"Thangaraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]},{"name":"Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]},{"name":"Geriatric Clinic and Services, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)","place":["Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California","place":["Los Angeles, CA, United 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