{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:41:51Z","timestamp":1787668911508,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gait impairment and motor\u2013cognitive interaction are key features of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and critically affect functional autonomy and fall risk. Wearable inertial sensors allow for objective assessment of gait performance, while the \u0424-bonacci gait number has been shown to provide a composite gait performance measure integrating self-similarity, symmetry, and double-support consistency. Building on previous cross-sectional findings, this observational pilot study represents a longitudinal follow-up that extends the application of the \u0424-bonacci index framework towards the monitoring of walking performance progression over time. Indeed, this pilot study investigated changes in gait performance and motor\u2013cognitive interaction in people with PD, using conventional clinical scales and the \u0424-bonacci gait number.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen individuals with PD - carrying out conventional outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation - underwent clinical and instrumented gait assessments at baseline (T0) and one-month later (T1). Gait data were collected during the 6-Minute Walk Test using wearable inertial sensors. The changes in spatiotemporal parameters, the \u0424-bonacci gait number and its components, and the dual-task performance (Timed Up and Go Dual Task, TUG-DT) were analyzed, together with associations between gait harmonicity, clinical motor improvement, and dual-task performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants at T1 showed significant improvements in functional mobility and spatiotemporal gait parameters, along with a reduction in the \u0424-bonacci gait number, mainly driven by enhanced gait self-similarity and double-support consistency. Such improvements in gait harmonicity were significantly associated with both clinical motor improvement and enhanced dual-task performance, while global cognitive scores remained stable. These findings support the claim that \u0424-bonacci gait number is a longitudinal marker sensitive to harmonic gait performance in PD and suggest a condition-dependent motor-cognitive coupling in the presence of dual-task demands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1791254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T05:44:39Z","timestamp":1778132679000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["New gait performance indices and cognitive functions: a longitudinal pre\u2013post follow-up after rehabilitation in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Elena Sofia","family":"Cocco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Robotics, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimondo Stefano Maria","family":"Torcisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Robotics, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie-Louise","family":"Thouant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Robotics, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El Arayshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Bioengineering Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Pietrosanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta Maria","family":"Manzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Robotics, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Gison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Bioengineering Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Buscarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Bioengineering Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Infarinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Bioengineering Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Robotics, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano Maria","family":"Verrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaz","family":"Pournajaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Robotics, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d","place":["Naples, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.06.007","article-title":"Characterisation of foot clearance during gait in early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"49","author":"Alcock","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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