{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T06:18:59Z","timestamp":1783491539538,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used in neuroscience to study cognitive and emotional processes, often showing functional lateralization. Alpha asymmetries are frequently interpreted as a reverse marker of functional asymmetries in cognitive activation. However, the role of motor activity versus cognitive demands in driving EEG asymmetries remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To explore this, we analyzed resting-state and task-based EEG asymmetry from 610 healthy adults (ages 20\u201370) from the Dortmund Vital Study (\n                      <jats:uri>ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:uri>\n                      : NCT05155397). Participants completed three tasks with increasing hand involvement and cognitive demands: Psychomotor Vigilance, Simon, and Stroop tasks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Timepoint (pre-stimulus vs. post-stimulus vs. resting-state) had the strongest impact, especially in the alpha and theta bands, with notable differences between resting-state and task-related asymmetries. Non-right-handers exhibited more dynamic shifts in asymmetry, while right-handers showed more stable lateralization patterns. Correlations between frequency bands, electrode pairs, and tasks revealed strong interhemispheric coupling in frontal and weaker coupling in central regions. Frontal post-stimulus asymmetry correlated more strongly than resting-state or pre-stimulus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that EEG asymmetry is a dynamic process influenced by cognitive and\/or motor activity and perceptual processes mediated by frontoparietal circuits, with implications for interpreting EEG biomarkers in both research and clinical settings. This study offers reference standards in EEG asymmetry research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1796350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:58:18Z","timestamp":1783490298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of motor activity versus cognitive demand on asymmetries in EEG frequency bands and their relation to handedness"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Annakarina","family":"Mundorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems Medicine and Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Merklein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems Medicine and Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petunia","family":"Reinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]},{"name":"Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, MSH Medical School Hamburg","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"Peterburs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems Medicine and Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Getzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at the Technical University of Dortmund","place":["Dortmund, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick D.","family":"Gajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at the Technical University of Dortmund","place":["Dortmund, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Larra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at the Technical University of Dortmund","place":["Dortmund, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmund","family":"Wascher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at the Technical University of Dortmund","place":["Dortmund, Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Bochum\/Marburg","place":["Bochum, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Ocklenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]},{"name":"Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, MSH Medical School Hamburg","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]},{"name":"Biopsychology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum","place":["Bochum, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10702","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014528108","article-title":"Prestimulus theta activity predicts correct source memory retrieval","volume":"108","author":"Addante","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2022.4.20220025","article-title":"Review of electroencephalography signals approaches for mental stress assessment","volume":"27","author":"Attar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosciences"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2024.12.002","article-title":"Frontoparietal asymmetries leading to conscious perception","volume":"29","author":"Bartolomeo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2015.00016","article-title":"The PREP pipeline: standardized preprocessing for large-scale EEG analysis","volume":"9","author":"Bigdely-Shamlo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinform."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099745","article-title":"Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks","volume":"304","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.012","article-title":"Frontal theta as a mechanism for cognitive control","volume":"18","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14438","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14438","article-title":"Alpha-band oscillations and emotion: a review of studies on picture perception","volume":"60","author":"Codispoti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn755","article-title":"Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain","volume":"3","author":"Corbetta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2012.00059","article-title":"EEG alpha activity reflects motor preparation rather than the mode of action selection","volume":"6","author":"Deiber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200977","article-title":"Microcomputer analyses of performance on a portable, simple visual RT task during sustained operations","volume":"17","author":"Dinges","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200312020-00021","article-title":"The anatomy of neglect without hemianopia: a key role for parietal-frontal disconnection?","volume":"14","author":"Doricchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.015","article-title":"Beta-band oscillations--signalling the status quo?","volume":"20","author":"Engel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116430","article-title":"Stroop task performance across the lifespan: high cognitive reserve in older age is associated with enhanced proactive and reactive interference control","volume":"207","author":"Gajewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32352","DOI":"10.2196\/32352","article-title":"Impact of biological and lifestyle factors on cognitive aging and work ability in the Dortmund vital study: protocol of an interdisciplinary, cross-sectional, and longitudinal study","volume":"11","author":"Gajewski","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Res. Protoc."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03797-w","article-title":"Resting-state EEG data before and after cognitive activity across the adult lifespan and a 5-year follow-up","volume":"11","author":"Getzmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"30","article-title":"Functional dedifferentiation and altered connectivity in older adults: neural accounts of cognitive aging","volume":"2","author":"Goh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3435","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302581110","article-title":"Two distinct forms of functional lateralization in the human brain","volume":"110","author":"Gotts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.82.4.619","article-title":"Does resting electroencephalograph asymmetry reflect a trait? An application of latent state-trait theory","volume":"82","author":"Hagemann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12879","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12879","article-title":"On the role of asymmetric frontal cortical activity in approach and withdrawal motivation: an updated review of the evidence","volume":"55","author":"Harmon-Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2013.00083","article-title":"The functional significance of delta oscillations in cognitive processing","volume":"7","author":"Harmony","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1080\/1357650X.2018.1497044","article-title":"Cognitive sex differences and hemispheric asymmetry: a critical review of 40 years of research","volume":"24","author":"Hirnstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laterality Asymmetries Body Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01094","article-title":"Sequential modulations in a combined horizontal and vertical Simon task: is there ERP evidence for feature integration effects?","volume":"8","author":"Hoppe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794618","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.794618","article-title":"Superior longitudinal fasciculus: a review of the anatomical descriptions with functional correlates","volume":"13","author":"Janelle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118748","article-title":"EEG biomarkers of free recall","volume":"246","author":"Katerman","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-023-00982-9","article-title":"On the reliability of the EEG microstate approach","volume":"37","author":"Kleinert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-0173(98)00056-3","article-title":"EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis","volume":"29","author":"Klimesch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.10.007","article-title":"Alpha-band oscillations, attention, and controlled access to stored information","volume":"16","author":"Klimesch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00876.2006","article-title":"P1 and traveling alpha waves: evidence for evoked oscillations","volume":"97","author":"Klimesch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.10.004","article-title":"Motivation, emotion, and their inhibitory control mirrored in brain oscillations","volume":"31","author":"Knyazev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.04.012","article-title":"Neural dedifferentiation in the aging brain","volume":"23","author":"Koen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883467","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.883467","article-title":"Frontal alpha asymmetry interaction with an experimental story EEG brain-computer interface","volume":"16","author":"Krogmeier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2024.106165","article-title":"Stress from early life to adulthood: is there a protective role of cognitive control?","volume":"178","author":"Larra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.002","article-title":"Where the BOLD signal goes when alpha EEG leaves","volume":"31","author":"Laufs","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.03.050","article-title":"Age-related reduction of hemispheric lateralisation for spatial attention: an EEG study","volume":"153","author":"Learmonth","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu389","article-title":"White matter lesional predictors of chronic visual neglect: a longitudinal study","volume":"138","author":"Lunven","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00177","article-title":"Regional electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha power and asymmetry in older adults: a study of short-term test\u2013retest reliability","volume":"7","author":"Mathewson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.3390\/s8042900","article-title":"Hemispheric lateralization of event-related brain potentials in different processing phases during unimanual finger movements","volume":"8","author":"Meng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-021-02399-1","article-title":"Frontal and parietal EEG alpha asymmetry: a large-scale investigation of short-term reliability on distinct EEG systems","volume":"227","author":"Metzen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12779","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12779","article-title":"Frontal EEG asymmetry during symptom provocation predicts subjective responses to intrusions in survivors with and without PTSD","volume":"55","author":"Meyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.07.037","article-title":"State-dependent alpha peak frequency shifts: experimental evidence, potential mechanisms and functional implications","volume":"360","author":"Mierau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105152","article-title":"The interlinking of alpha waves and visuospatial cognition in motor-based domains","volume":"149","author":"Morrone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2025.102658","article-title":"Substance use disorder and altered hemispheric asymmetries: a systematic review","volume":"122","author":"Mundorf","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-024-01888-8","article-title":"Hemispheric asymmetries in borderline personality disorder: a systematic review","volume":"275","author":"Mundorf","year":"","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/1357650X.2024.2370871","article-title":"Phenotyping in clinical laterality research: a comparison of commonly used methods to determine mixed-handedness and ambidexterity","volume":"29","author":"Mundorf","year":"","journal-title":"Laterality"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/1357650X.2023.2204551","article-title":"Stress exposure, hand preference, and hand skill: a deep phenotyping approach","volume":"28","author":"Mundorf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Laterality"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-01941-5","article-title":"One hundred years of EEG for brain and behaviour research","volume":"8","author":"Mushtaq","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-021-09530-3","article-title":"Handedness in ADHD: Meta-analyses","volume":"32","author":"Nastou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(01)00178-7","article-title":"Event-related dynamics of cortical rhythms: frequency-specific features and functional correlates","volume":"43","author":"Neuper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12953","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12953","article-title":"Comorbid anxiety moderates the relationship between depression history and prefrontal EEG asymmetry","volume":"55","author":"Nusslock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/1357650X.2018.1543314","article-title":"Beyond frontal alpha: investigating hemispheric asymmetries over the EEG frequency spectrum as a function of sex and handedness","volume":"24","author":"Ocklenburg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laterality"},{"key":"ref53","volume-title":"The Lateralized Brain: The Neuroscience and Evolution of Hemispheric Asymmetries","author":"Ocklenburg","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00974-8","article-title":"Clinical implications of brain asymmetries","volume":"20","author":"Ocklenburg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2025.01.006","article-title":"Genetics of human handedness: microtubules and beyond","volume":"41","author":"Ocklenburg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","article-title":"The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory","volume":"9","author":"Oldfield","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000471","article-title":"Handedness in mental and neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review and second-order meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Packheiser","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13735","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13735","article-title":"Oscillatory brain activity and maintenance of verbal and visual working memory: a systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Pavlov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.026","article-title":"ICLabel: an automated electroencephalographic independent component classifier, dataset, and website","volume":"198","author":"Pion-Tonachini","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2023.100160","article-title":"Hand preference and the corpus callosum: is there really no association?","volume":"3","author":"Raaf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroimage Rep."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3992243","article-title":"EEG alpha activity reflects attentional demands, and beta activity reflects emotional and cognitive processes","volume":"228","author":"Ray","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12965","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12965","article-title":"Frontal asymmetry as a mediator and moderator of emotion: an updated review","volume":"55","author":"Reznik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref63","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development for R","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"IMAG.A.1135","DOI":"10.1162\/IMAG.a.1135","article-title":"Multiple partially overlapping neural modules orchestrate conflict processing","volume":"4","author":"Sabo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Imaging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780190228484.001.0001","volume-title":"Niedermeyer\u2019s Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and Related Fields","author":"Schomer","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13019","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13019","article-title":"Intracranial source activity (eLORETA) related to scalp-level asymmetry scores and depression status","volume":"55","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.10.019","article-title":"EEG delta band as a marker of brain damage in aphasic patients after recovery of language","volume":"47","author":"Spironelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6133","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2006.260093","article-title":"Left-right information flow in the brain during EEG arousals","volume":"2006","author":"Swarnkar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2024.101404","article-title":"Theta activity and cognitive functioning: integrating evidence from resting-state and task-related developmental electroencephalography (EEG) research","volume":"67","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.4.715","article-title":"Depression, anxiety, and resting frontal EEG asymmetry: a meta-analytic review","volume":"115","author":"Thibodeau","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs351","article-title":"Damage to white matter pathways in subacute and chronic spatial neglect: a group study and 2 single-case studies with complete virtual \u201cin vivo\u201d tractography dissection","volume":"24","author":"Thiebaut de Schotten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex N. Y. N"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"19","article-title":"The need to report effect size estimates revisited. An overview of some recommended measures of effect size","volume":"21","author":"Tomczak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Sport Sci"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14080837","article-title":"From infancy to childhood: a comprehensive review of event- and task-related brain oscillations","volume":"14","author":"\u00dcnsal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0268916","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268916","article-title":"Mental chronometry in big noisy data","volume":"17","author":"Wascher","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-002-0128-z","article-title":"Attentional and intentional cueing in a Simon task: an EEG-based approach","volume":"68","author":"Wascher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Res."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-021-02431-4","article-title":"Handedness and midsagittal corpus callosum morphology: a meta-analytic evaluation","volume":"227","author":"Westerhausen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.12.038","article-title":"Implicit vocabulary learning during sleep is bound to slow-wave peaks","volume":"29","author":"Z\u00fcst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1796350\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:58:20Z","timestamp":1783490300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1796350\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1796350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1796350","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"article-number":"1796350"}}