{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:34:11Z","timestamp":1793284451468,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spasticity is one of the common complications of stroke, causing serious adverse effects for patients. However, comprehensive descriptions of the PSS network mechanism are currently lacking. This paper expounds on the mechanisms underlying post-stroke spasticity from multiple perspectives, including central nervous system networks, neurotransmitter networks, pain networks, and myofascial networks, as well as the brain-gut axis and brain-muscle axis networks. It summarizes emerging treatment approaches in recent years, providing a reference for clinical treatment and rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1868901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:18:26Z","timestamp":1790331506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post-stroke spasticity: advances in network mechanisms and therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of First Rehabilitation Medicine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanbin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of First Rehabilitation Medicine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of First Rehabilitation Medicine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longyue","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of First Rehabilitation Medicine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deya","family":"Daneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of First Rehabilitation Medicine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuangwei","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of First Rehabilitation Medicine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyun","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of First Rehabilitation Medicine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of First Rehabilitation Medicine, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696543","DOI":"10.3389\/fmedt.2021.696543","article-title":"Evolution of the Vagus nerve stimulation (Vns) therapy system technology for drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"3","author":"Afra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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