{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:55:40Z","timestamp":1790920540827,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a devastating subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Early hematoma expansion (HE) is a key modifiable factor associated with neurological deterioration. Data on early HE dynamics in China populations with relatively late presentation (median time to admission &amp;gt;6\u202fh) remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective single-center study included 199 adult patients with sICH who had baseline and 24-h follow-up non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans. Hematoma volume was measured using the ABC\/2 method. Early HE was defined as an absolute volume increase &amp;gt;6\u202fmL or a relative increase &amp;gt;33% on the 24-h scan. Clinical characteristics, systemic inflammatory markers (peripheral leukocyte counts), and early neurological changes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] and Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS]) were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age was 58.7\u202f\u00b1\u202f11.8\u202fyears, with male predominance (71.9%). Hypertension was present in 75.4% of patients. Median time from onset to admission was 10.0\u202fh (IQR 6.0\u201319.5). Median initial hematoma volume was 16.2\u202fmL (IQR 6.8\u201326.1). In this selected cohort of patients who survived to 24-h imaging without early surgical evacuation (median onset-to-admission 10.0\u202fh), the observed rate of early HE was 6.0% (12\/199). Because of the small number of expansion events (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f12), the study was underpowered to identify baseline predictors; none of the examined demographic, clinical or radiological variables reached conventional statistical significance, although effect estimates with wide confidence intervals are provided in the main text. Peripheral leukocyte counts remained stable from admission to 24\u202fh (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.922). Patients with HE experienced significantly greater neurological change (median NIHSS increase 2.0 [0.0\u20136.5] vs. 0.0 [0.0\u20130.0],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001; median GCS change \u22121.0 [\u22122.0 to 0.0] vs. 0.0 [0.0\u20130.0],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this selected, later-presenting single-center Chinese cohort that reached 24-h imaging without early surgery, the observed rate of early HE was low (6.0%). However, when expansion occurred, it was strongly associated with acute neurological worsening. Baseline factors did not reliably predict HE, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring regardless of initial presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1888155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:37:43Z","timestamp":1790919463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical characteristics and early hematoma dynamics in a selected cohort of 199 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent 24-hour follow-up imaging: a retrospective single-center study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Pengchao","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Dongyang People's Hospital","place":["Dongyang, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weigang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Dongyang People's Hospital","place":["Dongyang, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14030308","article-title":"Time-dependent changes in hematoma expansion rate after supratentorial intracerebral Hemorrhage and its relationship with neurological deterioration and functional outcome","volume":"14","author":"Abou Karam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5433","article-title":"Predicting hematoma expansion after primary intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"71","author":"Brouwers","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000191","article-title":"Inflammatory score predicts early hematoma expansion and poor outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"109","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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Neurol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819737","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.819737","article-title":"Incidence and long-term survival of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013176","article-title":"Leukocyte count and intracerebral hemorrhage expansion","volume":"47","author":"Morotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2201449","article-title":"Spontaneous intracerebral Hemorrhage","volume":"387","author":"Sheth","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.101180","article-title":"Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage, according to age, sex, and country income level: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Wolsink","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1888155\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:37:44Z","timestamp":1790919464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1888155\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1888155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1888155","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"article-number":"1888155"}}