{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T06:09:23Z","timestamp":1784182163959,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Huntington\u2019s disease is a rare neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by early disruption of frontostriatal systems, affecting motor, cognitive, and affective domains. Non-invasive brain stimulation targeting prefrontal networks may offer a means to modulate these distributed systems, although controlled evidence in Huntington\u2019s disease remains limited, particularly for accelerated stimulation protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with behavioral, motor and electrophysiological changes reflecting modulation of prefrontal network function in early-stage Huntington\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten patients with genetically confirmed Huntington\u2019s disease participated in a within-subject, fixed-order longitudinal study, which included a sham exposure phase followed by active stimulation. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0), after sham stimulation (T1), after active accelerated iTBS (T2), and at 60-day follow-up (T3). Clinical scales for motor impairment, behavioral measures targeting executive, affective, and social-cognitive domains were combined with event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded during cognitive and emotional Stroop tasks. The fixed-order design was chosen to minimize potential carry-over effects associated with accelerated stimulation protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant behavioral or electrophysiological changes were observed during the sham exposure phase. In contrast, active iTBS was associated with domain-specific behavioral changes, particularly in affective, executive, and social-cognitive domains, accompanied by changes in event-related potential activity, particularly within delayed N200-related responses during emotional interference. Effects were domain-specific and were not associated with normalization of electrophysiological latency profiles. Motor scales were not modified by either sham or real stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accelerated prefrontal iTBS was associated with behavioral and electrophysiological changes following active stimulation of prefrontal network in Huntington\u2019s disease. These findings support the feasibility of targeting distributed non-motor circuits in HD and designs accounting for cumulative and time-dependent effects of stimulation in early-phase neuromodulation studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1891708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:36:45Z","timestamp":1784180205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accelerated prefrontal intermittent theta-burst stimulation in Huntington\u2019s disease: a within-subject study of domain-specific behavioral and event-related potential changes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Marianna","family":"Delussi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Psychology, Communication (For.Psi.Com.), University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuella","family":"Ladisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Ammendola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)","place":["Bari, Italy"]},{"name":"University Niccol\u00f2 Cusano","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Paparella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Abbatantuono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giusy","family":"Tancredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Paparella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)","place":["Bari, Italy"]},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed","place":["Pozzilli, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Brattico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, Psychology, Communication (For.Psi.Com.), University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"de Tommaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.008","article-title":"Theory of mind ability in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia","volume":"48","author":"Adenzato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041","article-title":"Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex","volume":"9","author":"Alexander","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu. 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