{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:03:34Z","timestamp":1789542214666,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Hum. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is associated with severe non-motor symptoms, including mood disorders and sleep disturbances, whose neural mechanisms are linked to dysfunction in large-scale brain networks. Functional connectivity measured by electroencephalography (EEG) can noninvasively map abnormalities at the network level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study employed the debiased weighted phase lag index (dwPLI) to mitigate the effects of volumetric conductivity and investigated EEG functional connectivity in PD patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 14) and healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 14) during resting and emotional states. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using L1-regularized logistic regression combined with a strict subject-level leave-one-subject-out cross-validation method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The accuracy of the beta band model combining the four states reached 82.14% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05, permutation test), while the accuracy of the gamma band model under the eyes-open state reached 89.29% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.01). Furthermore, theta band connectivity during the sadness state significantly predicted PSQI scores in PD patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that emotion-induced network dynamics may reflect sleep disturbances in PD, and establish EEG functional connectivity as a candidate neurophysiological biomarker for PD, with potential applications in both diagnostic classification and the assessment of non-motor symptoms, although validation in larger cohorts is still required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2026.1921946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:20:46Z","timestamp":1789539646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["EEG functional connectivity for Parkinson\u2019s disease diagnosis and non-motor symptom prediction: a machine learning approach"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Fanzun","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine & Laboratory of Gerontology and Anti-Aging Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine & Laboratory of Gerontology and Anti-Aging Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine & Laboratory of Gerontology and Anti-Aging Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanmin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine & Laboratory of Gerontology and Anti-Aging Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangchun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine & Laboratory of Gerontology and Anti-Aging Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine & Laboratory of Gerontology and Anti-Aging Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine & Laboratory of Gerontology and Anti-Aging Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine & Laboratory of Gerontology and Anti-Aging Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101840","article-title":"Neurobiology of depression in Parkinson\u2019s disease: insights into epidemiology, molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies","volume":"85","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. 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