{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T16:53:37Z","timestamp":1792256017540,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neuroimaging"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Schizophrenia is extremely heterogenous, and the underlying brain mechanisms are not fully understood. Many attempts have been made to substantiate and delineate the relationship between schizophrenia and the brain through unbiased exploratory investigations of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The results of numerous data-driven rs-fMRI studies have converged in support of the disconnection hypothesis framework, reporting aberrant connectivity in cortical\u2013subcortical-cerebellar circuitry. However, this model is vague and underspecified, encompassing a vast array of findings across studies. It is necessary to further refine this model to identify consistent patterns and establish stable imaging markers of schizophrenia and psychosis. The organizational structure of the NeuroMark atlas is especially well-equipped for describing functional units derived through independent component analysis (ICA) and uniting findings across studies utilizing data-driven whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) to characterize schizophrenia and psychosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Toward this goal, a systematic literature review was conducted on primary empirical articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals between January 2019\u2013February 2025 which utilized cortical\u2013subcortical-cerebellar terminology to describe schizophrenia-control comparisons of whole-brain FC in human rs-fMRI. The electronic databases utilized included Google scholar, PubMed, and APA PsycInfo, and search terms included (\u201cschizophrenia\u201d OR \u201cpsychosis\u201d) AND \u201cresting-state fMRI\u201d AND (\u201ccortical\u2013subcortical-cerebellar\u201d OR \u201ccerebello-thalamo-cortical\u201d).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten studies were identified and NeuroMark nomenclature was utilized to describe findings within a common reference space. The most consistent patterns included cerebellar-thalamic hypoconnectivity, cerebellar-cortical (sensorimotor &amp;amp; insular-temporal) hyperconnectivity, subcortical (basal ganglia and thalamic)\u2014cortical (sensorimotor, temporoparietal, insular-temporal, occipitotemporal, and occipital) hyperconnectivity, and cortical\u2013cortical (insular-temporal and occipitotemporal) hypoconnectivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patterns implicating prefrontal cortex are largely inconsistent across studies and may not be effective targets for establishing stable imaging markers based on static FC in rs-fMRI. Instead, adapting new analytical strategies, or focusing on nodes in the cerebellum, thalamus, and primary motor and sensory cortex may prove to be a more effective approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnimg.2025.1650987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T04:18:57Z","timestamp":1760069937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Aberrant cortical\u2013subcortical-cerebellar connectivity in resting-state fMRI as an imaging marker of schizophrenia and psychosis: a systematic review of data-driven whole-brain functional connectivity analyses"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kyle M.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tricia Z.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Andr\u00e9s-Camaz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vince D.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Iraji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20929","article-title":"The effect of model order selection in group PICA","volume":"31","author":"Abou-Elseoud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24723","article-title":"Functional network connectivity impairments and core cognitive deficits in schizophrenia","volume":"40","author":"Adhikari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-017-9352-6","article-title":"Childhood brain tumors: a systematic review of the structural neuroimaging literature","volume":"27","author":"Ailion","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-017-9338-9","article-title":"Multimodal neuroimaging in schizophrenia: description and dissemination","volume":"15","author":"Aine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-022-09547-2","article-title":"Relationships among structural neuroimaging and neurocognitive outcomes in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Aleksonis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.12.033","article-title":"Genetic insights into childhood-onset schizophrenia: the yield of clinical exome sequencing","volume":"252","author":"Alkelai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs352","article-title":"Tracking whole-brain connectivity dynamics in the resting state","volume":"24","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.05.001","article-title":"Data visualization in the neurosciences: overcoming the curse of dimensionality","volume":"74","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00152-3","article-title":"Defining the phenotype of schizophrenia: cognitive dysmetria and its neural mechanisms","volume":"46","author":"Andreasen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033321","article-title":"\u201cCognitive Dysmetria\u201d as an integrative theory of schizophrenia: a dysfunction in cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry?","volume":"24","author":"Andreasen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-025-00593-2","article-title":"Neurobiology-based cognitive biotypes using multi-scale intrinsic connectivity networks in psychotic disorders","volume":"11","author":"Andr\u00e9s-Camaz\u00f3n","year":"2025","journal-title":"Schizophrenia"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2310-14.2015","article-title":"Early-course Unmedicated schizophrenia patients exhibit elevated prefrontal connectivity associated with longitudinal change","volume":"35","author":"Anticevic","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.27.625681","article-title":"Born connected: do infants already have adult-like multi-scale connectivity networks?","author":"Bajracharya","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.02.11.637551","article-title":"Mapping the psychosis Spectrum \u2013 imaging neurosubtypes from multi-scale functional network connectivity","author":"Ballem","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614542463","article-title":"Dysfunctional activation of the cerebellum in schizophrenia: a functional neuroimaging Meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Bernard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.03.070","article-title":"Is fMRI \u201cnoise\u201d really noise? Resting state nuisance regressors remove variance with network structure","volume":"114","author":"Bright","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bhae313","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae313","article-title":"Dysfunction of thalamocortical circuits in early-onset schizophrenia","volume":"34","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1048","article-title":"A method for making group inferences from functional MRI data using independent component analysis","volume":"14","author":"Calhoun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.10.057","article-title":"A review of group ICA for fMRI data and ICA for joint inference of imaging, genetic, and ERP data","volume":"45","author":"Calhoun","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000967","article-title":"Data-driven approaches to neuroimaging biomarkers for neurological and psychiatric disorders: emerging approaches and examples","volume":"34","author":"Calhoun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbad044","article-title":"Spontaneous brain activity alterations in first-episode psychosis: a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies","volume":"49","author":"Cattarinussi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1159\/000228838","article-title":"The diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder and unipolar depression: interrater reliability and congruence between DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"42","author":"Cheniaux","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2020.0792","article-title":"Weaker Cerebellocortical connectivity within sensorimotor and executive networks in schizophrenia compared to healthy controls: relationships with processing speed","volume":"10","author":"Clark","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.14091200","article-title":"Identification of distinct psychosis biotypes using brain-based biomarkers","volume":"173","author":"Clementz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105208","article-title":"Understanding visual hallucinations: a new synthesis","volume":"150","author":"Collerton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042814","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1042814","article-title":"Neuroimaging in schizophrenia: a review article","volume":"16","author":"Dabiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s50","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.43.s50","article-title":"Neurological soft signs in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review","volume":"181","author":"Dazzan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102375","article-title":"Neuromark: an automated and adaptive ICA based pipeline to identify reproducible fMRI markers of brain disorders","volume":"28","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.03.009","article-title":"The heterogeneity problem: approaches to identify psychiatric subtypes","volume":"23","author":"Feczko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59393-6","article-title":"Reduced resting-state connectivity in the Precuneus is correlated with apathy in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"10","author":"Forlim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00140-0","article-title":"The disconnection hypothesis","volume":"30","author":"Friston","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.07.014","article-title":"The dysconnection hypothesis (2016)","volume":"176","author":"Friston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-024-00456-2","article-title":"Mapping the landscape: a bibliometric analysis of resting-state fMRI research on schizophrenia over the past 25 years","volume":"10","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Schizophrenia"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.299","article-title":"Evaluation of functional connectivity in subdivisions of the thalamus in schizophrenia","volume":"214","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90344-8","article-title":"Separate visual pathways for perception and action","volume":"15","author":"Goodale","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01186-3","article-title":"Mapping neurotransmitter systems to the structural and functional organization of the human neocortex","volume":"25","author":"Hansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-023-01325-8","article-title":"Revisiting functional Dysconnectivity: a review of three model frameworks in schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"Harikumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Neuroanatomy, visual cortex","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Huff","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.079","article-title":"Dynamic functional connectivity: promise, issues, and interpretations","volume":"80","author":"Hutchison","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5594","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0067-17.2017","article-title":"The human thalamus is an integrative hub for functional brain networks","volume":"37","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2021.09.008","article-title":"Thalamic connectivity system across psychiatric disorders: current status and clinical implications","volume":"2","author":"Hwang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Glob. Open Sci."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12412","article-title":"Age at onset and the outcomes of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Immonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Early Interv. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab2358","article-title":"Brain disorders? Precisely","volume":"348","author":"Insel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.12.002","article-title":"Spatial dynamic subspaces encode sex-specific schizophrenia disruptions in transient network overlap and their links to genetic risk","volume":"96","author":"Iraji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24505","article-title":"Spatial dynamics within and between brain functional domains: a hierarchical approach to study time-varying brain function","volume":"40","author":"Iraji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5729","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26472","article-title":"Identifying canonical and replicable multi-scale intrinsic connectivity networks in 100k+ resting-state fMRI datasets","volume":"44","author":"Iraji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2010.12.3\/ajablensky","article-title":"The diagnostic concept of schizophrenia: its history, evolution, and future prospects","volume":"12","author":"Jablensky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09101522","article-title":"Cortical activations during auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia: a coordinate-based Meta-analysis","volume":"168","author":"Jardri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2024.103584","article-title":"A whole-brain neuromark resting-state fMRI analysis of first-episode and early psychosis: evidence of aberrant cortical-subcortical-cerebellar functional circuitry","volume":"41","author":"Jensen","year":"","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2024.09.09.612129","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.09.09.612129","article-title":"Addressing inconsistency in functional neuroimaging: a replicable data-driven multi-scale functional atlas for canonical brain networks","author":"Jensen","year":"","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.10.004","article-title":"Brainnetome-wide association studies in schizophrenia: the advances and future","volume":"37","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.0785","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Xanomeline-Trospium chloride in schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"81","author":"Kaul","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.09.003","article-title":"The function biomedical informatics research network data repository","volume":"124","author":"Keator","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.08.010","article-title":"The \u201cparadoxical\u201d engagement of the primary auditory cortex in patients with auditory verbal hallucinations: a meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies","volume":"49","author":"Kompus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.3390\/bs3030330","article-title":"Memory deficits in schizophrenia: a selective review of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies","volume":"3","author":"Kraguljac","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq152","article-title":"Quantitative meta-analysis on state and trait aspects of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia","volume":"38","author":"Kuhn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref58","volume-title":"Beyond artifacts: rethinking motion-related signals in resting-state fMRI analysis","author":"Kumar","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19815","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99170-7","article-title":"Mapping thalamocortical functional connectivity with large-scale brain networks in patients with first-episode psychosis","volume":"11","author":"Kwak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-011-0202-6","article-title":"Motor symptoms of schizophrenia: is tardive dyskinesia a symptom or side effect? A modern treatment","volume":"13","author":"Lerner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv037","article-title":"Dose equivalents for second-generation antipsychotic drugs: the classical mean dose method","volume":"41","author":"Leucht","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00482","article-title":"Dysconnectivity of multiple brain networks in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20919","article-title":"Semiblind spatial ICA of fMRI using spatial constraints","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83295-6","article-title":"The ICD-10 and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and the prevalence of schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.10.028","article-title":"Stable signatures of schizophrenia in the cortical\u2013subcortical\u2013cerebellar network using fMRI of verbal working memory","volume":"151","author":"Matsuo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.09.029","article-title":"Integrative brain network and salience models of psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia","volume":"94","author":"Menon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09569","article-title":"From maps to mechanisms through neuroimaging of schizophrenia","volume":"468","author":"Meyer-Lindenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00421","article-title":"A telescopic independent component analysis on functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset","volume":"9","author":"Mirzaeian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Netw. neurosci."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02414-0","article-title":"Revisiting the seven pillars of RDoC","volume":"20","author":"Morris","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.12.028","article-title":"Individual variability in functional connectivity architecture of the human brain","volume":"77","author":"Mueller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4500","article-title":"Best practices in data analysis and sharing in neuroimaging using MRI","volume":"20","author":"Nichols","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.04.008","article-title":"Corticocentric myopia: old bias in new cognitive sciences","volume":"13","author":"Parvizi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2221533120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2221533120","article-title":"Changes in patterns of age-related network connectivity are associated with risk for schizophrenia","volume":"120","author":"Passiatore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.10.018","article-title":"Spurious but systematic correlations in functional connectivity MRI networks arise from subject motion","volume":"59","author":"Power","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048","article-title":"Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI","volume":"84","author":"Power","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"The auditory cortex","volume-title":"Neuroscience","author":"Purves","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11800","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.22.11800","article-title":"Mechanisms and streams for processing of \u201cwhat\u201d and \u201cwhere\u201d in auditory cortex","volume":"97","author":"Rauschecker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000338548","article-title":"Early-onset Schizophrenia1","volume":"66","author":"Remschmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093176","article-title":"Widespread intra- and inter-network Dysconnectivity among large-scale resting state networks in schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Rong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1734","article-title":"Antipsychotic treatment and functional connectivity of the striatum in first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"72","author":"Sarpal","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-023-09619-x","article-title":"Within-individual BOLD signal variability and its implications for task-based cognition: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Steinberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119387","article-title":"Structural insight into the individual variability architecture of the functional brain connectome","volume":"259","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12101339","article-title":"Clinical phenotypes of psychosis in the bipolar-schizophrenia network on intermediate phenotypes (B-SNIP)","volume":"170","author":"Tamminga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-78665-0_87","article-title":"Disease burden and disability-adjusted life years due to schizophrenia and psychotic disorders","volume-title":"Handbook of disease burdens and quality of life measures","author":"Theodoridou","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00323","article-title":"Controversies and progress on standardization of large-scale brain network nomenclature","volume":"7","author":"Uddin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Netw. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-019-00744-6","article-title":"Towards a universal taxonomy of macro-scale functional human brain networks","volume":"32","author":"Uddin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.11.013","article-title":"Converting positive and negative symptom scores between PANSS and SAPS\/SANS","volume":"152","author":"van Erp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx091","article-title":"Aberrant Hyperconnectivity in the motor system at rest is linked to motor abnormalities in schizophrenia Spectrum disorders","volume":"43","author":"Walther","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-025-00558-5","article-title":"Key regions aberrantly connected within cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit and their genetic mechanism in schizophrenia: an fMRI meta-analysis and transcriptome study","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Schizophrenia"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.2467","article-title":"Mapping the heterogeneous phenotype of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder using normative models","volume":"75","author":"Wolfers","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.06.026","article-title":"Mapping Thalamocortical functional connectivity in chronic and early stages of psychotic disorders","volume":"79","author":"Woodward","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.08.023","article-title":"Discriminating schizophrenia using recurrent neural network applied on time courses of multi-site FMRI data","volume":"47","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.09.017","article-title":"A Brainwide risk score for psychiatric disorder evaluated in a large adolescent population reveals increased divergence among higher-risk groups relative to control participants","volume":"95","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-025-00563-8","article-title":"The immediate alteration of cerebellar Glx\/GABA and cerebello-thalamo-cortical connectivity in patients with schizophrenia after cerebellar TMS","volume":"11","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Schizophrenia"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1635","article-title":"Large-scale automated synthesis of human functional neuroimaging data","volume":"8","author":"Yarkoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref9001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-015-1018-7","article-title":"Functional topography of the thalamocortical system in human","volume":"221","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Structure and Function"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.135548","article-title":"Abnormal functional connectivity of motor circuit in the schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"742","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26251","article-title":"Dysconnection and cognition in schizophrenia: a spectral dynamic causal modeling study","volume":"44","author":"Zarghami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.07.903","article-title":"Abnormal Thalamocortical circuit in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2019.04.002","article-title":"Functional connectivity between sensory-motor subnetworks reflects the duration of untreated psychosis and predicts treatment outcome of first-episode drug-na\u00efve schizophrenia","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-014-1502-8","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex and the dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroimaging"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnimg.2025.1650987\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T04:18:59Z","timestamp":1760069939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnimg.2025.1650987\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnimg.2025.1650987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnimg.2025.1650987","relation":{},"ISSN":["2813-1193"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2813-1193","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"article-number":"1650987"}}